Cardio Meds

Question 1

x

Answer 1

b. Digoxin
c. Anti- arrhythmias
d. HTN
ACE inhibitors
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
e. Morphine
f. Statins
g. Nitrates
h. Diuretics
i. Anticoagulants
j. Stool softeners

Question 2

x

Answer 2

Digoxin

Question 3

inhibit abnormal pathways of electrical conduction through the heart

Answer 3

Anti-Arrhythmics

Question 4

Thiazide diuretics
Loop diuretics
Potassium-retaining diuretics

Answer 4

Antihypertensives

Question 5

prevent peripheral vasoconstriction by Blocking Conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (AII)

Answer 5

Ace-Inhibitors

Question 6

Tx HTN & HF

avoid K+ anything

Answer 6

ACE & ARBs

Question 7

also used for their cardioprotective effect after MI

Answer 7

ACE

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Question 8

prevent peripheral vasoconstriction & secretion of Aldosterone & block binding of AII to type 1 AII receptors

Answer 8

ARBs

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Question 9

Decrease cardiac contractility (negative inotropic effect by relaxing smooth muscle) & workload of the heart, decreasing need for oxygen

Answer 9

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 10

promote vasodilation of coronary & peripheral vessels

Answer 10

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 11

Angina
Dysrhythmias
HTN

Answer 11

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 12

Caution w/ HF, Bradycardia, & AV block

Answer 12

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 13

MI
Unstable Angina
Atrial Fibrillation
DVT
PE
Presence of Mechanical Heart valves

Answer 13

Anticoagulants (when evidence or likelihood of clot formation)

Question 14

Activate plasminogen.

Plasminogen generates plasmin (enzyme that dissolves clots)

Answer 14

Thrombolytics

Question 15

used in early course of MI to restore blood flow, limit MI damage, preserve L-ventricular function, & prevent death

Answer 15

Thrombolytics

Question 16

Arterial Thrombosis
DVT
Occluded shunts or Catheters
PE

Answer 16

Thrombolytics

Question 17

inhibit sodium-potassium pump, thus increasing intracellular calcium, which causes the heart muscle fibers to contract more efficiently

Answer 17

Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)

Question 18

Produces a positive inotropic action, which increases force of Myocardial infarctions.
Produces a Negative dromotropic, which slows HR & slows conduction velocity through AV node.

Answer 18

Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)

Question 19

Increase myocardial Contractility increases Cardiac, Peripheral, & Kidney function by increasing CO, Decreasing Preload, improving blood flow to periphery & kidneys, decreasing Edema & increasing fluid excretion resulting in decreased fluid retention in lungs & extremities

Answer 19

Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)

Question 20

HF
Cardiogenic Shock
Atrial Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial flutter

Answer 20

Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)

Question 21

Antianginal medications;

produce Vasodilation

Answer 21

Nitrates

Question 22

Decrease Preload & Afterload & Reduce Myocardial Oxygen Consumption

Answer 22

Nitrates (Antianginal)

Question 23

Contraindications:

Significant Hypotension, Increased Intracranial Pressure, Severe Anemia, combined w/ erectile dysfunction tx.

Answer 23

Nitrates (Antianginal)

Question 24

prevent the Extension & Formation of Clots by Inhibiting Factors in the Clotting Cascade & Decreasing Blood Coagulability.

Answer 24

Anticoagulants

Question 25

Inhibit aggregation of Platelets in the clotting process, thereby prolonging bleeding time.

Answer 25

Antiplatelets (may be used w/ anticoagulants)

Question 26

used in prophylaxis of long-term complications following mI, Coronary Revascularization, Stents, (stroke)

Answer 26

Antiplatelets

Question 27

inhibit response to B-adrenergic stimulation, decreasing CO

Answer 27

Beta Blockers

Question 28

block release of catecholamines, epinephrine, & norepinephrine, Decreasing HR & BP

Answer 28

Beta Blocker

Question 29

Decrease workload of the heart & decrease oxygen demands

Answer 29

Beta Blockers

Question 30

``` Angina Dysrhythmias HTN Migraine Headaches MI prevention Glaucoma ```

Answer 30

Beta Blockers

Question 31

reduce serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, or low-density lipoprotein (elevations increase risk for CAD)

Answer 31

Statin (antilipemic)

Question 32

In many cases, diet alone will not lower blood lipid levels, medication is needed

Answer 32

Statin (antilipemic

Question 33

Increase Na+ & water Excretion by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney

Answer 33

thiazide diuretics

Question 34

Used for: Hypertension Peripheral Edema (not effective for immediate diuresis)

Answer 34

Thiazide Diuretics

Question 35

Contraindicated in Renal Failure

Answer 35

Thiazide Diuretics

Question 36

Inhibit Na+ & Chloride reabsorption from loop of Henle Distal Tubule

Answer 36

Loop Diuretics

Question 37

More potent; Cause Rapid diuresis decreasing Vascular fluid volume, CO, & BP

Answer 37

Loop Diuretics

Question 38

cause water & electrolyte depletion , increase uric acid levels, & excretion of calcium

Answer 38

Loop Diuretics

Question 39

``` For: HTN Pulmonary Edema Edema associated w/ HF Hypercalcemia Renal Disease ```

Answer 39

Loop Diuretics

Question 40

act on distal tubule to promote Na+ & water excretion & K+ retention

Answer 40

Potassium-Retaining diuretics

Question 41

For: Edema. HTN. to Increase Urine Output. Tx fluid Retention & Overload associated w/ HF. Ascites resulting from cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome. Diuretic-induced Hypokalemia.

Answer 41

Potassium-Retaining diuretics