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Year 1 extras > Cardio quesmed notes > Flashcards

Cardio quesmed notes Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Management for adverse effects of bradycardia

A

atropine 500 mcg IV

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2
Q

Causes of acute myocarditis

A

Viral infection
Diptheria
Chagas’ disease
Auto-immune

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3
Q

Symptoms of acute myocarditis

A

Pain
Fatigue
Palpitations
Symptoms of heart failure

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4
Q

narrow complex tachycardias

A

QRS < 120 ms

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5
Q

Brugada syndrome

A

genetic condition caused by sodium channelopathies

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6
Q

Surgery if mitral valve area >

A

1.5 cm²

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7
Q

Flow murmur

A

Asymptomatic
Blowing
Can be caused by anaemia

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8
Q

Labetol

A

BP lowering

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9
Q

Heart failure drugs

A

Bisoprolol
Eplerenone
Ramipril
Ivabradine

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10
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Abnormal asymmetrical hypertrophy of the inter-ventricular septum

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11
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause

A

Autosomal dominant sarcomeric gene mutations

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12
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms

A 
palpitations
dizziness
dyspnoea
exertion syncope
fatigue
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13
Q

Murmur heard in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur along the left sternal boarder

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14
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be asymptomatic.

A

True

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15
Q

Indications for invasive by monitoring

A

Persistent hypertension

End organ compromise

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16
Q

Acute hypertensive emergency

A

Can be asymptomatic

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17
Q

Atropine initial dose

A

500 ug

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18
Q

AF with hypotension

A

Electrical cardioversion

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19
Q

STEMI aspirin dose

A

300mg

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20
Q

ORBIT

A

Anticoagulation safety scoring

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21
Q

Drug used after GTN

A

Ca channel blockers

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22
Q

Drug used after GTN

A

Ca channel blockers

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23
Q

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome

A

headache
sweating
tachycardia

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24
Q

Conn’s syndrome presentation

A

resistant hypertension

hypokalaemia

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25
Addison's
hypoaldosteronism
26
Cushing's syndrome presentation
resistant hypertension and unfitness
27
Streptococcus bovis
CRC
28
Rhythm control for AF
48 hours
29
Lateral MI
Left circumflex
30
Inferior MI
Right coronary artery
31
VT
🧬
32
VT treatment
magnesium sulphate
33
Severe aortic stenosis
< 1 cm | > 40 mmHg
34
Aortic dissection imaging
TOE
35
Dresslers ECG
ST elevation
36
High CHADVASC
anticoagulate
37
AF presentation
dyspnoea on exertion and palpitations
38
Stable AF treatment
Digoxin
39
Permanent AF increases the risk of…
stroke.
40
Unstable AF treatment
DC cardioversion
41
Kussmaul's sign
JVP rises on inspiration
42
3rd degree heart block symptoms
dizziness and bradycardia
43
Drugs for stroke prophylaxis
digoxin carvedilol warfarin
44
Aortic stenosis investigations
Echocardiogram
45
Wolff parkinson white ECG
Short PR | Tachycardia
46
Right coronary artery disease ECG
long PR
47
Risk factor for sudden cardiac death
Unexplained syncope
48
Cardiac tamponade signs
hypotension raised JVP muffled heart sounds
49
Atrial flutter treatment
Bisoprolol
50
Amyloidosis presentation
sparkling heart failure arrhythmias
51
Fibrates
increase HDL
52
Anti angina drugs
``` K channel blockers Ca blockers B blockers Ivabradine Nitrates ```
53
Contraindication for thrombolysis
Recent aggressive CPR
54
Myocardial ischemia ECG
ST depression
55
What do Thiazide diuretics act on?
Triple co-transporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
56
What do Loop diuretics act on?
Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
57
LAD leads
V1-V6
58
Ventricular fibrillation ECG
squiggly
59
Acute endocarditis organism
S Aureus
60
Acute endocarditis organism
S Aureus
61
Left heart failure has peripheral symptoms.
False
62
Aortic regurgitation location
left lower sternal border
63
Treating digoxin toxicity
digibind
64
Bradykinin accumulation
oedema
65
HMG CoA reductase
Catalyzes conversion of HMG to mevanolic acid
66
Statins are competitive.
True
67
Diabetics with hypertension
ACE inhibitors
68
Aspirin in children causes…
Reyes.
69
Spironolactone
Antagonises Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex to inhibit aldosterone receptors
70
Spironolactone side effect
Gynaecomastia
71
Statin side effect
Rhabdomyolysis (myositis)
72
Statin side effect
Rhabdomyolysis (myositis)
73
Carvedilol
a and b antagonist
74
Phentolamine
a antagonist
75
Clonidine
a2-adrenoceptor agonist
76
4 classes
VT
77
Verapamil contraindication
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
78
Eplerenone
mineralocorticoid antagonist
79
Eplerenone
mineralocorticoid antagonist
80
Milrinone
Reduces CAMP breakdown to treat heart failure
81
Amiodarone
K channel blocker
82
NKCC2
Reabsorbs sodium from urine
83
Sympathetic post ganglionic ACh acts on…
sweat glands.
84
_______ cause largest decrease in bp and velocity.
Arterioles
85
Adenosine
Vasodilates
86
Flow =
Change in pressure / Resistance
87
Increased EDV
Increased sarcomeric length Increased sensitivity to calcium Increased cells bridge rate
88
Saline
Reduces haemoglobin concentration
89
________ heart rate increases coronary flow.
Decreased
90
________ chain causes reduced distal blood flow.
Sympathetic
91
Heart failure fluid signs
Increased ADH | Reduced glomerular filtration
92
Decompensed heart failure
Oedema
93
AP length
250 ms
94
AP length
250 ms
95
Heart failure presentation
Elevated right atrial pressure
96
Heart failure presentation
Elevated right atrial pressure
97
Warfarin
in vivo | INR
98
Macrolides _______ Warfarin activity.
increase
99
Alteplase
clot buster
100
Funny current
Na and K
101
Funny current increases when ______ increases.
adrenaline
102
Cardiac muscle is arranged in a…
syncytium.
103
What allows charge to spread between myocytes?
Intercalated discs
104
Heart failure causes upregulation of….
the sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.

Year 1 extras (6 decks)

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