Question notes Flashcards
1
Q
Dupuytren’s contracture sign
A
Palm nodules
2
Q
Dupuytren’s contracture cause
A
alcoholic liver disease
3
Q
LFT sign in alcoholics
A
high AST:ALT
4
Q
Herring
A
Vitamin D
5
Q
Whipple’s disease
A
jejunal biopsy
6
Q
Rockall score use
A
upper gi bleeding
7
Q
Variceal bleed management
A
IV fluids IV terlipressin IV antibiotics Don’t over transfuse Propanolol long term
8
Q
Where is B12 absorbed?
A
Terminal ileum
9
Q
Which tumour are coeliac disease patients at an increased risk for?
A
small bowel lymphoma
10
Q
What is urinary porphobilinogen?
A
haem metabolism disorder
11
Q
Urinary porphobilinogen symptoms
A
pain, nausea, lethargy
12
Q
What can macrolides cause?
A
dyspepsia
13
Q
Shigella treatment
A
ciprofloxacin
14
Q
Pouchitis treatment
A
Metronidazole
15
Q
Which drug causes cholestasis?
A
Coamoxiclav
16
Q
Treating fungal infections
A
Fluconazole
17
Q
Treating oral ulcers
A
Chlorhexidine
18
Q
UC drugs
A
ciclosporin
mercaptopurine
19
Q
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
A
pigment
20
Q
Gold standard diagnosis of coeliac disease
A
duodenal biopsy
21
Q
Schistosomiasis symptom
A
liver, urinary, abdominal
22
Q
What does Senna (laxative) cause?
A
pigmentation of the lamina propria
23
Q
Octreotide
A
somatostatin analogue used in carcinoid syndrome
24
Q
What are the Rockall score components?
A
age
shock
comorbidities
25
Scan for coeliac disease complications
DEXA scan
26
Hemochromatosis causes a loss of…
coordination.
27
What are signs of coeliac disease?
- Howell Jolly bodies
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Hypersegmented nutrophils
- Pruritic papulovesiculsr lesions
28
What is a common cause of liver failure?
Pneumonia
29
What are some side effects of amlodipine?
- relaxes lower oesophageal sphincter (reflux)
| - hepatotoxic
30
Liver biopsy is indicated if INR < __
1.5
31
Why is urea high in upper GI bleeds?
Bacteria breaks down blood proteins
32
Asterixis
Hepatic flap
33
🧑🏾
👔
34
Indometacin
NSAID
35
Which drug causes peptic ulcers?
Prednisolone
36
Zolinger Ellison
Increased gastrin
37
Giardia symptoms
diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, weight loss
38
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma signs
Absent urobilinogen and bilirubinuria
39
🚝
Crohn’s
40
Treating alcohol withdrawal
benzodiazepine (Chlordiazepoxide)
41
Secretin is stronger than somatostatin
True
42
What are ECL cells stimulated by?
Gastrin
43
What does GLUT5 fascilitate?
fructose diffusion
44
Trypsinogen is a ______ enzyme.
pancreatic
45
Secretin stimulates the release of…
aqueous salts.
46
CCK acts on the…
gall bladder.
47
Where is Brunner’s gland?
duodenum submucosa
48
Increased protein
Increased gastrin
49
Gilbert’s syndrome
impaired bilirubin conjugation
50
Gilbert’s syndrome presentation
normal stool and urine
51
What is pellagra?
B3 deficiency
- dementia
- diarrhoea
- dermatitis
52
Pellagra treatment
nicotinamide
53
Biliverdin
hemoglobin breakdown
54
Which organism reverses the concentration gradient?
Cholera
55
Vomiting causes a loss of which ions?
H+
56
Surface mucous cells
Cardia
| Pylorus
57
Mucous neck cells
Fundus
| Body
58
Prostaglandin synthesis is reduced by
salicylates
59
Prehepatic jaundice LFT sign
high MCV
60
Posthepatic jaundice LFT sign
high ALP
| conjugated bilirubin
61
Which cells does the cephalic phase affect?
chief and parietal cells
62
GLUT
facilitated
63
SGLT
active
64
Biguanide
reduces gluconeogenesis
65
Name a motilin agonist
Erythromycin
66
Heptidin
iron regulating hormone
67
Most pancreatic secretions occur during which phase?
Intestinal
68
Duct cells ion exchange
Cl and HCO3
69
Circulating emetics trigger…
vomiting
70
Glucose causes GIP secretion, which…
causes insulin secretion, which delays gastric emptying.
71
Miscelles contain vitamin _.
K
72
Which cancer causes cholestasis?
Pancreatic cancer
73
Post hepatic jaundice shows _____ stool and _____ urine.
pale stools and dark urine
74
Pernicious anemia causes
- hypothyroidism
| - diabetes
75
Typhoid fever symptoms
- fever
- abdominal pain
- blanching rose spots
- initial diarrhoea
- cough
- headache
76
Rotor syndrome
Rare childhood jaundice
77
Seton
Fistulotomy
Incision
trans sphinteric
submucosal
perianal
78
Paracetamol liver failure
PT time
creatinine
encephalopathy
79
When should you test for coeliac disease?
Grave disease
Autoimmune thyroid disease
Type 1 diabetes
80
Foul smelling stools are a sign of ______.
Giardia
81
Imatinib
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
82
Erythema nodosum is dependant on ___.
IBD
83
Treatment for gastroenteritis
Fluids
84
What does a perforated peptic ulcer cause?
peritonism with absent Bowel sounds
- treat with laparotomy
85
What side effect can giardiasis treatment cause?
Absent bowel sounds
86
Azathioprine > Methotrexate
True
87
What can Carcinoid tumours cause?
- bronchospasm
- diarrhoea
- flushing
- heart failure
88
What do Carcinoid tumours release?
Serotonin
Test with urinary 5HIAA
89
What is the treatment for autoimmune hepatitis?
azathioprine
90
Which drug causes bile malabsorption and diarrhoea?
Metformin
91
What does TRUELOVE score?
UC
92
Does primary biliary cirrhosis cause granulomas?
Yes
93
Which drug causes a metallic taste in the mouth?
Metronidazole
94
Venesection
Draining blood
95
How are severe UC flare ups treated?
IV steroids
96
Raised INR
acute liver failure
97
TIPPS can worsen…
encephalopathy.
98
How long should H pylori be retested for in?
After 4-8 weeks
99
Oesophageal webs cause
PVS
100
High grade displasia treatment
Ablation
101
Risedronate side effect
Peptic ulcers
102
Prothrombin complex concentrate works faster than vitamin K infusion.
True
103
icteric
jaundice
104
febrile
fever
105
Cholangiocarcinoma signs and symptoms
- Ca 19-9
| - Itch
106
Gastric ulcers are _________ by eating.
| Duodenal ulcers are _________ by eating.
Gastric ulcers are aggravated by eating.
| Duodenal ulcers are relieved by eating.
107
Secretin stimulation test use
hormone secreting tumours
108
When is a liver transplant indicated?
pH < 7.3 after 24 hours
109
Encephalopathy treatment
Oral lactulose and branched chain amino acids
110
IBD flares present with…
fever.
111
Raised ASMAs
Autoimmune hepatitis
112
Raised bilirubin
Excoriations (scratching)
113
H pylori in patients over 55
urgent endoscopy
114
A1 antitrypsin deficiency symptoms
- shortness of breath
- jaundice
- clubbing
- erythema
115
Hiatus hernia investigation
barium swallow
116
Pseudomembrabous colitis presentation
raised yellow plaques across the mucosa
117
Giardiasis investigations
stool ova cysts and parasites
118
Which drugs cause constipation?
Opiates
119
Which drug decreases intracranial pressure?
Mannitol
120
Which hepatitis increases hepatocellular cancer risk?
Hepatitis B
121
Which drug is used to treat glossitis and angular cheilitis?
Ferrous sulphate
122
Low SAAG
Peritoneal cancer
123
Haemochromatosis marker
Transferrin
124
Coeliac disease biopsy
Crypt hyperplasia
125
UC is also associated with...
arthritis.
126
Diverticulitis is assosciated with...
- frequent vaginal infections
- pain worse after meals
- pain relieved by flatulence and passing of stool
- constipation
- fevers
- rectal bleeding
127
H pylori increases the risk of carcinomas. What is a sign of this?
Signet rings
128
Docusate
fecal softener
129
PPI side effect
hypomagnesaemia
130
Metoclopramide side effect
Migraine
131
Which drug is commonly misused?
Antihistamines
132
Which drug masks cancer?
Ranitidine
133
Which drug is contraindicated in IBS?
Lactulose
134
Loperamide mechanism of action
Opioid agonist
135
Which drug should be avoided in the elderly?
Ispaghula
