Resp Quesmed notes Flashcards
1
Q
ARDS
A
Pulmonary oedema (bilateral opacification)
2
Q
ARDS causes
A
interventions
sepsis
3
Q
ARDS presentation
A
shortness of breath confusion presyncope (faintess)
4
Q
ARDS investigations
A
CXR and CT
5
Q
Management of ARDS
A
Ventilatory support
Haemodynamic support
DVT prophylaxis
6
Q
Asbestosis
A
pleural plaque disease
7
Q
Asbestosis signs
A
crepitations
clubbing
cyanosis
reduced chest expansion
8
Q
Asbestosis tests
A
Restrictive signs
9
Q
Aspiration pneumonia
A
unsafe swallow
10
Q
Aspiration pneumonia organisms
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas
11
Q
Aspiration pneumonia treatment
A
IV cephalosporin and IV metronidazole.
12
Q
Asthma can cause hyperinflation of the chest
A
True
13
Q
asthma investigations
A
ABGs
Blood tests
CXR
14
Q
Asthma mimics
A
Acid Reflux
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
ABPA
15
Q
Important vaccine
A
pneumococcal vaccine
16
Q
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
A
Mycoplasma ILD Neoplasm TB Sarcoidosis
17
Q
Bronchiectasis organisms
A
Haemophilius Influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
18
Q
Bronchiectasis investigations
A
Spirometry Sputum CXR CT Bronchoscopy
19
Q
Indications for lLong Term Oxygen Therapy
A
PaO2 <7.3kPa or <8kPa
20
Q
What has a barking cough?
A
Croup
21
Q
Croup management
A
Oxygen
Dexamethasone
Adrenaline
22
Q
CF complications
A
weight loss
clubbing
hematemesis
23
Q
CF diagnosis
A
heel prick
sweat test
faecal elastase
24
Q
CF management
A
antibiotics
Nebulised mucolytics
Bronchodilators
25
Bronchiectasis best investigation
CT
26
Bronchiectasis signs
yellow/green cough
clubbing
fine inspiratory crackles
coarse crepitations
27
Bronchiectasis management
chest physiotherapy
28
Haemopytsis differentials
Bronchiectasis
Aspergilloma
Pneumonia
TB
29
Horner's syndrome is...
eye drooping.
30
Lung cancer signs
```
Cachexia
Clubbing
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
Anaemia
Pleural effusion
Enlargement of lymph nodes
```
31
Lung cancer investigations
Sputum cytology
CXR
CT
Bronchoscopy
32
Lung abscess symptoms
Fever
Productive cough: foul-smelling purulent mucus
Dyspnoea
Lethargy
Night sweats
Weight loss
33
Lung abscess investigations
```
Blood
Sputum
CXR
CT
Bronchoscopy
```
34
OSA investigation
Polysomnography
35
Investigation of a pleural effusion
Blood tests and CXR
36
Pneumocystis Pneumonia features
Fever
Non productive cough
Exertional breathlessness
37
Pneumocystis Pneumonia investigations
CXR and CT
38
Pneumocystis Pneumonia treatment
Co-trimoxazole
39
Most common causes of pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
40
Aspiration pneumonia more commonly affects the left lung.
False
| Right lung
41
Who is staphylococcal pneumonia found in?
drug users
elderly patients
previously infected
42
Features of Klebsiella pneumonia
upper lobes
| puss
43
Who is at risk of Klebsiella pneumonia?
```
diabetics
COPD
renal failure
elderly
alcoholics
malignancy
```
44
Symptoms of Mycoplasma pneumonia
```
flu
arthralgia
myalgia
dry cough
headache
```
45
Mycoplasma pneumonia typically affects older patients.
False
| younger patients
46
Signs of Legionella pneumonia
hyponatraemia and deranged LFTs
PCR
47
Symptoms of Legionella pneumonia
fever
myalgia
dyspnoea
dry cough
48
Legionella pneumonia history
air conditioning
49
Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia history
Animals
50
Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia effects
liver
spleen
heart
skin
51
Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia effects
liver
spleen
heart
skin
52
Pneumocystis pneumonia develops in immunosuppressed individuals with CD4+ < ____.
< 200 cells/uL
53
Management of Pneumonia
```
Oxygen
Fluid management
Analgesia
Antibiotics
CXR
```
54
Management of Pneumonia
```
Oxygen
Fluids
Analgesia
Antibiotics
CXR
```
55
CXR signs of PE
Fleischner sign
Hampton's hump
Westermark's sign
56
IPF can cause left sided heart failure.
False
| right sided
57
Antifibrotic drug example
Pirfenidine
58
Pulmonary embolism heart sounds
loud P2
| S3
59
Investigations for pulmonary hypertension
ECG
Echocardiogram
Right heart catheterisation
60
Which investigation for pulmonary hypertension is the gold standard?
Right heart catheterisation:
mean pulmonary artery pressure >25mmHg
61
How can pulmonary vascular resistance be reduced?
```
oxygen therapy
Nifedipine
Sildenafil
Prostacycline analogues
Bosentan
```
62
What does an aspirin overdose cause?
Respiratory alkalosis
63
Sarcoidosis investigations
Tissue biopsy
CXR
CT
64
Nicotine replacement therapy can be used for up to _ weeks.
8
65
Bupropion
inhibits reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the brain
66
Varenicline
partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
67
Normal FEV1/ FVC ratio
> 0.7
68
TB symptoms
night sweats
fever
weight loss
69
TB investigations
```
CXR
Sputum
Biopsy
Stained samples
Culture
PCR
IGRAs
Mantoux test
```
70
Managing a viral infection shorter than 1 week
Conservative
71
Asthma histology
Curshmann spirals
72
What does an unsafe swallow increase risk from?
Anaerobic bacterias
| - abscesses
73
Hyoscine
Clears lung secretions
74
O2 therapy indications
hypertension
hypoxaemia
oedema
hemoglobin
75
Conjestive heart failure sign
Elevated JVP
76
IPF is not responsive to...
steroids.
77
IPF investigation
CT
78
Which cancer causes joint swelling?
Adenocarcinoma
79
Thrombophilia treatment
Anticoagulation for life
80
Which drug reduces swelling?
Dexomethasone
81
How does pneumocystis present on imaging?
Bilateral opacification
82
Pneumocystis investigation
Silver stain
83
TB liquidy signs
pleural effusion
acid fast (Ziehl Neelson stain)
sputum
84
Bullectomy
For large dilations
85
Lung cancer investigation order
CT then biopsy
86
PE management
DOAC
LMWH
Heparin
IVCF
87
Low cardiothoracic ratio
ARDS
88
High cardiothoracic ratio
Heart failure
89
Meig's syndrome
ovarian tumour
transudate
ascites
90
Pulmonary fibrosis
restrictive
| low DCLO
91
Near fatal asthma
High pCO2
92
Measuring peak flow
Highest of 3 readings
93
hematemesis with tumour
Invaded bronchi
| Usually upper lobes
94
PEFR diary is kept for _ weeks
2
95
Strep pneumoniae signs
herpes
| increased vocal resonance
96
Life threatening asthma management
ICU
97
Cancer causing hypercalcemia
Squamous cell carcinoma
98
Cancer causing hyponatremia and hyperpigmentation
SLCL
99
Squamous cell carcinoma treatment
Fluids
100
TB affects the ____ lobes.
upper
101
CAP treatment can cause...
emphysema.
102
If a patient having an asthma attack can speak they should be given ________. If not, they should be given ________.
predisnolone
| hydrocortisone
103
COPD signs
flattened hemi-diaphragms
hyperressonant precssion note
white cough
104
Left heart failure signs
white frothy sputum
dyspnoea
coarse bilateral crackles
pleural effusion
105
Left heart failure management
Captopril
Bisoprolol
Pneumococcal vaccination
106
Autoimmune haemolytic pneumonia signs
bullseye
blue
breathless
107
Upper lobes afflictions
CF
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Aspergilloma
TB
108
.
.
109
What drug raises INR?
🚝
110
Investigating CAP: —- > FBCs
U&E
111
Is asthma associated with the oral contraceptive pill?
Yes
112
Rusty sputum
Strep pneumonia
113
Bacteria spread by ventilation
Pseudomonas
114
Thrombolysis is contraindicated if…
the patient has ever had a stroke.
115
Lupus
low complement
116
Thrombophilia diagnosis
anticardiolipin
117
IPF on CT
honeycombing
118
Venturi
Controlled delivery for CO2 retainers (COPD)
119
Non rebreath
For deteriorating patients
120
NIV with BiPAP
For proven retainers after performing ABG
121
Bronchiectasis signs
signet rings
clubbing
coarse crackles
122
Exudate ratio >
0.5
123
COPD heart signs
right atrial enlargement
peaked inferior P waves
low QRS
124
Pneumocystis pneumonia signs
excertional dyspnoea
dry cough
bilateral fine inspirational infiltrates
125
Superior vena cava treatment
Reduce swelling
126
Sarcoidosis signs
uveitis
neuropathy
hypercalcemia
purple face rash
127
Pneumothorax cannula
16-18G
128
Aspirin causes acidosis.
False
| Alkalosis
129
Staph aureus symptoms
dry cough
myalgia
coryza
130
Sarcoidosis drugs
NSAIDs
131
OSA arrests…
the right heart.
132
Positive cytology
Malignant pleural effusion
133
Pulmonary hypertension heart signs
prominent a and v waves
| split S2
134
Haemodynamically unstable PE
Thrombolysis
135
Suspected PE with no leg signs
V/Q scan
