CARDIO [TRANSES] Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
A
HEART
2
Q
The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through
vessels.
A
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
3
Q
The left side of the heart pumps blood to all other body tissues and back to the right side of the heart through a network of vessels.
A
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
4
Q
4 FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART
A
- Generating blood pressure
- Routing blood
- Ensuring one-way blood flow
- Regulating blood supply
5
Q
HEART LOCATION
A
between the lungs within the thoracic cavite
6
Q
HEART ORIENTATION
A
APEX (BOTTOM) points toward the left side
7
Q
outer layer of the pericardium, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue
A
FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
8
Q
inner layer and consists of flat epithelial cells
A
Serous Pericardium
9
Q
Lines the fibrous pericardium
A
Parietal pericardium
10
Q
Groove that runs around the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles.
A
CORONARY SULCUS
11
Q
Serous pericardium that covers the heart surface.
A
Visceral Pericardium
12
Q
Space between the visceral and parietal pericardia.
A
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
13
Q
Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
A
Pulmonary Veins
14
Q
Fluid in the pericardial cavity that helps reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardial sac.
A
PERICARDIAL FLUID
15
Q
Carry blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
A
Pulmonary Trunk and Arteries
16
Q
Carry blood from the body to the right atrium.
A
VENAE CAVAE
17
Q
Carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.
A
Aorta
18
Q
Supply blood to the tissues of the heart. Originate from the base of the aorta, located above the aortic semilunar valve.
A
Coronary Arteries
19
Q
Large vein that drains the cardiac veins of the heart and empties into the right atrium.
A
Coronary Sinus
20
Q
Supplies blood to much of the anterior wall of the heart and most of the left ventricle.
A
Left Coronary Artery
21
Q
Supplies blood to most of the wall of the right ventricle.
A
Right Coronary Artery
22
Q
Drain blood from cardiac muscle; empty into coronary sinus.
A
Cardiac Veins
23
Q
Wall that separates the right and left atria.
A
Interatrial septum
24
Q
Wall that separates the right and left ventricles.
A
Interventricular Valve
25
receiving chambers.
RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIUM
26
Receives deoxygenated blood
RIGHT ATRIUM
27
3 VEINS where the right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood:
Superior Venae Cavae
Inferior Venae Cavae
Coronary Sinus
28
receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
LEFT ATRIUM
29
what kind of pulmonary does the left atrium receive oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
30
is a prominent feature of the septum
fossa ovalis
31
two LOWER chambers of the heart
Right and left ventricles
32
Is a cavity or chamber that can be filled
with fluid
Right and left ventricles
33
Discharging chambers
Right and left ventricles
34
receives blood from the right atrium and PUMPS it to the main pulmonary artery
right ventricle
35
fibers of the right ventricle which conveys part of the heart’s conduction system
trabeculae carneae
36
a ventricle that has a thinner muscular wall
Right ventricle
37
AV valve between RA and RV
Tricuspid valve
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3 cusps
Tricuspid valve
39
AV valve between LA and LV
2 cusps
40
have three half-moon (luna) shaped cusps and are valves between the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
semilunar valve
41
A connective tissue plate, primarily consists of fibrous rings providing them with strong support. This connective tissue plate acts as electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles and offers a sturdy attachment point for cardiac muscle.
Cardiac Skeleton
42
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART
1. Superior and Inferior vena cava
2. RA
3. Tricuspid valve
4. RV
5. Pulmonary semilunar valve
6. Pulmonary trunk
7. Pulmonary arteries
8. Lungs
9. Pulmonary veins
10. LA
11. Bicuspid valve
12. LV
13. Aortic semilunar valve
14. Aorta
15. Body
43
surface of heart (outside), helps to
lubricate the outside of the heart
EPIcardium
44
thick, middle layer composed of cardiac muscle
MYOcardium
45
part of the heart responsible for pumping blood since it is made up mostly the thickness and mass of the heart wall
Myocardium
46
○ smooth, inner surface
ENDOCARDIUM
47
○ simple squamous epithelium
ENDOCARDIUM
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○ covers heart valves & vessels
ENDOCARDIUM
49
○ responsible for keeping blood from sticking to the inside if the heart and forming potentially deadly blood clots
ENDOCARDIUM
50
○ 1 centrally located nucleus
CARDIAC MUSCLE
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○ Branching cells
CARDIAC MUSCLE
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○ Rich in mitochondria
CARDIAC MUSCLE
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○ Striated (actin and myosin)
CARDIAC MUSCLE
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○ Ca2+ and ATP used for contractions
CARDIAC MUSCLE
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○ Intercalated disks
CARDIAC MUSCLE
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[CARDIAC MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIALS PHASE]
* Na+ channels OPEN
* Ca2+ channels OPEN
Depolarization phase
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[CARDIAC MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIALS PHASE]
* Na+ channels CLOSE
* Some K+ channels OPEN
* Ca2+ channels remain OPEN
PLATEAU PHASE
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○ connect cells
CARDIAC MUSCLE
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[CARDIAC MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIALS PHASE]
* K+ channels are OPEN
* Ca2+ channels CLOSE
Repolarization phase:
60
Specialized cardiac muscle cells in the heart wall make up the conduction system, which coordinates the contraction of the atria and ventricles.
CONTRACTION COORDINATION
61
Every cell in the conduction system is capable of generating spontaneous action potentials.
Spontaneous Action Potentials
62
ACTION POTENTIAL PATH THROUGH THE HEART
1. SA node
2. AV node (atrioventricular)
3. AV bundle
4. Right and Left Bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibers
63
where action potential originates and functions as pacemaker
Sinoatrial Node (SA NODE)
64
Action potentials spread slowly through the AV node and allows the atria to complete their contraction before action potentials are delivered to the ventricles.
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
65
divides into a left and right bundle
branches
Atrioventricular bundle
66
Spread to the heart's apex and Rapidly transmit action potentials to all ventricular
muscle.
PURKINJE FIBERS
67
Records heart's electrical activity.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG)
68
Diagnoses cardiac issues.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG)
69
Employ electrodes.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG)
70
3 COMPONENTS OF EKG
1. P-WAVE
2. QRS Complex
3. T-WAVE
71
depolarization of atria
P WAVE
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depolarization of ventricles
QRS Complex
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repolarization of ventricles
T wave
74
Summarizes all events in a single heartbeat.
CARDIAC CYCLE
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prime the pumps
ATRIA
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do the actual pumping.
VENTRICLES
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Create pressure changes in heart chambers.
CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION
78
drives blood movement
pressure changes
79
moves from areas of high to low pressure
Blood Flow Direction
80
Contraction of Atria
ATRIAL SYSTOLE
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contraction of ventricles
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
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relaxation of atria
ATRIA DIASTOLE
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relaxation of ventricles
VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE
84
Result from heart valve closure.
HEART SOUNDS
85
Stethoscope is employed to
listen to heart sounds.
STETHOSCOPE USE
86
Occurs when atrioventricular valves close. (you'll be able to hear it during ventricular systole)
FIRST HEART SOUND ("lubb")
87
Arises from the closure of semilunar valves (you'll be able to hear it during ventricular diastole)
Second Heart Sound ("dupp")
88
time periods of first heart sound
period of isovolumetric contraction to period of ejection
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time periods of second heart sound
period of isovolumetric relaxation to period of ventricular filling
90
volume of blood pumped per ventricle
per contraction
STROKE VOLUME
91
number of heart beats in 1 min
HEART RATE
92
volume of blood pumped by a ventricle
in 1 min.
CARDIAC OUTPUT
93
FORMULA FOR CARDIAC OUTPUT
Cardiac output equals stroke volume multiplied times heart rate
94
The blood volume returning to the heart.
VENOUS RETURN
95
degree in which ventricular walls are stretched at end of diastole
PRELOAD
96
Describes the relationship between preload and stroke volume, impacting cardiac output.
STARLING'S LAW OF THE HEART
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pressure against which ventricles must pump blood
AFTER LOAD
98
Regulates heart function
BARORECEPTOR REFLEX
99
○ Monitor blood pressure in the aorta and carotid arteries.
○ Detects changes in blood pressure and changes in action potential frequency.
○ Involves the medulla oblongata.
BARORECEPTOR REFLEX
100
● Involves chemical regulation of heart function.
● Chemicals can influence heart rate and stroke
volume.
CHEMORECEPTOR REFLEX
101
transport blood from the RV of the heart through the lungs and back to the LA
PULMONARY VESSEL
102
Blood vessels outside the heart are divided into two classes
SYSTEMIC VESSEL AND PULMONARY VESSEL
103
transport blood from theLV of the heart through all parts of the body and back to the RA
SYSTEMIC VESSEL
104
carry blood away from heart
ARTERIES
105
thick with a lot of elastic
ARTERIES
106
carry blood toward heart
VEINS
107
thin vessel with less elastic
VEINS
108
exchange occurs between blood and tissue fluids
CAPILLARIES
109
7 BLOOD FLOW
Blood flows from:
1. arteries into arterioles
2. Arterioles into capillaries
3. Capillaries into venules
4. Venules to small veins
5. Veins return to heart
110
BLOOD VESSEL WALLS INNER MOST LATYER
TUNICA INTIMA
111
BLOOD VESSEL WALLS INNER W/ SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
TUNICA INTIMA
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BLOOD VESSEL WALL MIDDLE LAYER
TUNICA MEDIA
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BLOOD VESSEL WALLS SMOPTH MUSCLE WITH ELASTIC AND COLLAGEN
TUNICA MEDIA
114
BLOOD VESSEL WALL OUTERMOST LAYER
TUNICA ADVENTITIA
115
BLOOD VESSEL WALL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
TUNICA ADVENTITIA
116
TYPES OF ARTERIES: LARGEST IN DIAMETER WITH THICKEST WALLS
ELASTIC ARTERY
117
TYPE OF ARTERIES THAT CAN CONTROL BLOOD FLOW TO BODY REGIONS
MUSCULAR ARTERIES
118
exit lungs and carry O2 rich blood to left atrium
Pulmonary veins
119
blood pump from right ventricle towards lung
PULMONARY TRUNK
120
passes superiorly from left ventricle
ASCENDING
121
The longest part of the aorta
DESCDENDING AORTA
121
3 major arteries which carry blood to head and upper limbs originates at the aortic arch (brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery)
AORTIC ARCH
122
part of descending aorta that extends through thorax to diaphragm
THORACIC
123
descending aorta that extends from diaphragm where it divides at the common iliac arteries
ABDOMINAL
124
3 Branches of aortic arch
1. brachiocephalic artery or innominate artery 2. left common carotid artery
3. left subclavia
125
1. first branch off aortic arch
2. supplies blood to right side of head and neck 3. Arteries of the Head and Neck
Brachiocephalic artery
126
1. 2nd branch off aortic arch
2. supplies blood to the left side of head and neck
Left common carotid artery
127
1. 3rd branch off aortic arch
2. supplies blood to left upper limbs
Left subclavian artery
128
1. branches off brachiocephalic artery
2. supplies blood to right side of head and neck
Right common carotid artery
129
1. branches off brachiocephalic artery
2. supplies blood to right upper limbs
Right subclavian artery
130
4 ARTERIES OF THE UPPER LIMBS
AXILLARY ARTERIES
BRACHIAL ARTERIES
ULNAR ARTERIES
RADIAL ARTERIES
131
1. continuation of subclavian
2. supply blood deep in clavicle
AXILLARY ARTERIES
132
1. continuation of axillary
2. where blood pressure measurements are taken
BRACHIAL ARTERIES
133
1. branch of brachial artery
2. near elbow
ULNAR ARTERIES
133
1. branch of brachial artery
2. supply blood to forearm and hand
3. pulse taken here
RADIAL ARTERIES
134
