Cardio Vasculr system blood vessels

Question 1

arterioles

Answer 1

smallest branches leading to capillary beds
blood pressure regulation

Question 2

capillary bed

Answer 2

smallest blood vessels with thin walls
location of exchange

Question 3

venules

Answer 3

collect blood from capillaries

Question 4

where’s the largest distribution of blood at rest

Answer 4

64% in Venus system (low pressure so rakes longer and spends more time there)

Question 5

3 layers of blood vessel walls

Answer 5

tunica intima (inside)
tunica media
tunica externa (outside)

Question 6

tunica intima structure

Answer 6

endothelial lining
connective tissue
internal elastic membrane in arteries

Question 7

endothelium function

Answer 7

releases vasoactive substances affecting vascular tone, blood pressure and blood flow

Question 8

what do endothelium maintain

Answer 8

vascular homeostasis

Question 9

what stimulate vasodilation

Answer 9

nitric oxide

Question 10

what stimulates vasoconstriction

Answer 10

endothelin

Question 11

tunica media structure

Answer 11

concentric sheets of smooth muscle in loose connective tissue elastic fibres in arteries and collagen in veins

Question 12

what lines lumen of blood vessels of tunica media

Answer 12

endothelium

Question 13

external elastic membrane

Answer 13

separates tunica media from external

Question 14

tunica externa structure

Answer 14

anchors vessels to adjacent tissue with collagen elastic and smooth muscle fibres

Question 15

vasa vasorum

Answer 15

small arteries and veins in walls of large arteries and veins
serve cells of tunica media and externa

Question 16

tunica intima contrast between arteries and veins

Answer 16

A=internal elastic membrane
V=no

Question 17

tunica media contrast between arteries and veins

Answer 17

A=thick, smooth and elastic
V=thin, smooth and collagen

Question 18

tunica externa contrast between arteries and veins

Answer 18

A=collagen and elastic
V=smooth as well

Question 19

classification of arteries

Answer 19

elastic
muscular
arterioles

Question 20

capillaries structure

Answer 20

endothelia tube inside thin basement membrane

Question 21

3 types of capillaries

Answer 21

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid

Question 22

continuous capillary

Answer 22

all tissue except epithelial and cartilage
complete endothelia lining
permit diffusion not blood cells
restricted permeability

Question 23

fenestrate capillaries

Answer 23

pores in endothelial lining to exchange water and larger solutes eg kidney

Question 24

sinusoid capillaries

Answer 24

gaps between adjacent endothelial cells
permits exchange water and large plasma proteins
liver spleen etc
phagocytic cells monitors blood

Question 25

capillary structure

Answer 25

capillary bed pre capillary sphincter thoroughfare channels

Question 26

capillary bed

Answer 26

connect one arteriole to one venule

Question 27

pre capillary sphincter

Answer 27

guards entrance to each capillary open and close

Question 28

thoroughfare channels

Answer 28

direct capillary connection between arterioles and venules

Question 29

varicose veins

Answer 29

weakening walls of veins near valves

Question 30

what is total capillary blood flow equal to

Answer 30

cardiac output

Question 31

pressure in blood flow

Answer 31

generated by heart to overcome resistance

Question 32

what's flow proportional to

Answer 32

pressure gradient divided by resistance

Question 33

what must the circulatory pressure overcome

Answer 33

total peripheral resistance

Question 34

what's the difference of pressure

Answer 34

85mm Hg

Question 35

what's peripheral resistance affected by

Answer 35

blood viscosity turbulence vascular resistance

Question 36

vascular resistance

Answer 36

due to friction between blood and vessel walls depending on vessel length and diameter

Question 37

normal blood pressure

Answer 37

120/80

Question 38

hypertension

Answer 38

abnormal high blood pressure (140/90)

Question 39

hypotension

Answer 39

abnormal low blood pressure

Question 40

responses to exercise

Answer 40

high hr high Q high systolic pressure redistribution

Question 41

redistribution

Answer 41

7-75 ml per 100g to muscle

Question 42

changes in stroke volume

Answer 42

increase force of contraction increases stroke volume

Question 43

causes of changes to stroke volume

Answer 43

sympathetic ns adrenaline increase end diastolic volume = increase stretch of sarcomeres = greater force

Question 44

end diatonic volume law

Answer 44

frank starling mechanism (force of contraction proportional to fibre length)

Question 45

factors effecting EDV

Answer 45

increase sympathetic nerves increase blood volume increase skeletal pump increase inspiration = increase venous pressure = increase atrial pressure. = increase EDV = increase SV