Cardio Viral Infections

Question 1

Mononucleosis caused by

Answer 1

Epstein Barr Virus

- Herpes virus— remains in body for life

Question 2

EBV becomes latent in

Answer 2

B cells

Question 3

pathogenesis of EBV

Answer 3

causes lytic infection in oropharynx
spreads to B cells
causes extreme fatigue

Question 4

heterophile + v - in Mono

Answer 4

heterophiles + : due to EBC ( antibodies are made )

Heterophiles - : CMV

Question 5

most common test used for mono?

Answer 5

monospot test

detects antibodies by end first week fo illness

Question 6

Mono tx

Answer 6

self limitng

if 2ary strep throat occurs- erythromycin

Question 7

HIV info

Answer 7

retroviridae family 
\+ RNA 
HIV1 and 2 
( 1 is most commonly found everywhere)
2( found in west africa)

Question 8

how does HIV virus gain entry

Answer 8

gp120 binds to CD4

through receptors
CCR5 CXCR4

Question 9

Pathogenesis of HIV

Answer 9

infects mucosal CD4 T cells

disseminates to other lymphoid tissue and establishes high viral load

Question 10

Acute retroviral syndrome

Answer 10

2-4 weeks on infection
normal CD4 T cell count 500

mono like symptoms

Question 11

AIDS

Answer 11

when CD4 T cell count <200
OR when they have AIDs defining conditions
(kaposi sarcoma, CMV, Pneumocystitis jiroveci)

Question 12

Aids latency

Answer 12

200-499 T cell count

NON AIDs defining disease( candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia)

Question 13

most likely cause of pulmonary infection in AIDS pt

Answer 13

Pneumocystitis Jiirovecii

Question 14

NAT test

Answer 14

only for HIV 1 tests for viral RNA
+ means acute viral syndrome

HIGHEST viral load

Question 15

TX HIV

Answer 15

cocktail

2 NRTIs + nNRTI or + protease inhibitor or + integrase inhibtior

Question 16

PrEP HIV

Answer 16

Truveda

Question 17

Yellow Fever caused by which family

Answer 17

Flaviviridae

+ RNA

Question 18

YF found in

Answer 18

Sub saharan africa and South America

Question 19

Vector for YF

Answer 19

Aedes Egyppti
Hemagogus is S. America

• infected people have highest level of viremia– can transmit virus to mosquitoes

Question 20

main target for YF

symptoms

Answer 20

LIVER ( jaundice)

high fever, jaundice, hepatic coagulopathy black vomit

Question 21

Vaccine for YF

Answer 21

live attenuated vaccine

– not for prego women

Question 22

Tx for YF

Answer 22

no antiviral drugs
acetaminophen- NO NSAIDS cause thin blood even more
hemodynamic stability

Question 23

Dengue Fever is caused by

Answer 23

Flavivirus + RNA

Question 24

Dengue AKA

Answer 24

breakbone fever

4 viruses can cause the hemorrhagic fever DENV 1-4 (immunity for one type doesn’t protect against other)

Question 25

Dengue is transmitted via

Answer 25

mosquito | aedes aegypti or albopictys

Question 26

Pathogenesis of DF*

Answer 26

enters and makes its way to BONE MARROW-- infects stroll cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells --- causing THROMBOCYTOPENIA

Question 27

clinical manifestations of DF (symptomatic)

Answer 27

headache muscle joint pain leukopenia rash (scaly or itchy)

Question 28

dengue manifestations

Answer 28

asymptomatoc symptomatic hemorraghic

Question 29

Clinical manifestation of DF hemorrhagic

Answer 29

1% progressive thrombocytopenia with increase in hematocrit levels* recurrent fever and increase in vascular permeability

Question 30

Dengue shock syndrome

Answer 30

``` (fluid accumulation leads to pleural effusion ) hypotension shock organ failure death ```

Question 31

what are the two indications of hemorrhagic fever**

Answer 31

increase in platelets and hematocrit*

Question 32

Diagnostic test for DF

Answer 32

tourniquet test - detects vascular fragility ( + 10 petequia in a n area)

Question 33

Chikungunya virus is part of what family transmitted by?

Answer 33

Togaviridae + SRNA aedes aegypti and albopictus

Question 34

clinical manifestation of chikungya

Answer 34

abrupt onsett of fever and | EXCRUCIATING JOINT PAIN*

Question 35

can you tx chykynguya with NSAIDs

Answer 35

yes, cause its not hemorrhagic BUT you have to be careful if you suspect its dengue

Question 36

Ebola virus family and special

Answer 36

Filoviridae - SSRNA Filamentous structure*

Question 37

which species of ebola causes the most severe disease

Answer 37

ZAIRE

Question 38

how is ebola transmitted

Answer 38

infected body fluids Semen, blood vomit urine feces SWEAT breast milk - can live for several days ON body fluids*

Question 39

Is ebola airborne? contact with what animal/?

Answer 39

NO but can be spread by droplets if come in contact with mucous membranes infected fruit bats

Question 40

Pathogenesis of Ebola

Answer 40

targets macrophages and dendritic cells -- causing systemic inflammatory response DIC

Question 41

Marburg virus

Answer 41

``` filoviridae --ssrna 80-90% fatality bats reservoir CATEGORY A agent ```

Question 42

Lassa virus

Answer 42

arenaviridae + sRNA endemic in west africa mouse is reserbour person to person transmission is similar to ebol