Skin Viral infections Extended Flashcards
(68 cards)
Common side effect of varicella in adults
interstitial pneumonia
also— lifelong infection: Herpes Zoster
characteristic of a chickenpox sore*
“dew drop on a rose petal”
description of chickenpox rash
maculopapular(flat or slightly raised bum)
appears 14 days post infection
begins on TRUNK
irregular outline 2-4mm lesion: rose petal
when is chicken pox contagious
1-2 days before rash until the lesions have scabbed*
what is important of lesions of chickenpox
at any given time all stages of lesions are seen
macule– papuke– vesicle– pustule– crusts
mode of entry VZV
inhaled– multiplies in lungs and travels to nodes \
infects T cells and replicate in lymph nodes
where does varicella virus become latent
in sensory neuronal cells ( DRG)
can reactivate and cause SHINGLES
- dermatome
most common complication of herpes zoster*
prevented by?
post herpetic neuralgia
prevented by giving antivirals within 72 h of dermatome rash*
tx for varicella/ shingles
For Adults
acyclovir, famcicyclovir
valacyclovir
to prevent incidence of post herpetic neuralgia
Varivax (vaccine)
dosage
Live attenuated vaccine VZV
2 dose- 12-15 m and 4-6 y
can also be used to reduce severity if given w/i 72h of EXPOSURE w IMMUNOCOMPETENT patients
Zostavax (vaccine)
given to:
for Adults >50y even if they had shingles
lowered the cases of shingles
typical smallpox lesion*
“bellybutton rash”
maculopapular lesion with opaque fluid indented at center
description of Smallpox rash
SINGLE crop of maculopapular lesions that transition into vesicles and pustules
lesions on FACE and EXTREMITIES (than trunk– compared to chickenpox)
(come together and leave together)
how is smallpox transmitted (a)
respiratory route
fomite transmisison: bedding clothes etx
when is a person most contagious with smallpox?*
when the rash first emerges at smallpox red spots on mouth and tongue
when is a person no longer contagious with small pox
when the last scab falls off: variegation
Smallpox vaccine
Dryvax
- completely eradicated this disease
- vaccinate immunocompromised people if they have been exposed to disease
Do NOT give to preggo unless definitely exposed
how was small pox eradicated? (a)
- no animal reservoirs or vectors
-vaccination protects agains all infections
consistent disease presentation allowed easy identification - vaccine is stable and inexpensive
most common clinical form of smallpox
Variola major >90%
- extensive rash and higher fever
15-40% fatality
antiviral for smallpox?
NONE
signs of measles*
Fever and 3 C’s and a P
Cough
coryza (acute rhinitis)
conjunctivitis
Photophobia
and then Koplic spots
typical finding in measles*
KOPLIC SPOTS
“ grain of salt surrounded by a red halo in mouth”
precede measles rash 1-2 days
vaccine Measles?
MMR
- live attenuated vaccine
12-15m and 4-6 y
description of measles rash
rash starts in face
covers body
covers palms and soles*
peak of illness when rash first appears
