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Nervous Viral Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

parameters: bacterial meningitis 99%

A

CSF < 34
protein > 200
abc > 2000 or neutrophil > 1180

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2
Q

what is aseptic meningitis

A

when neither bacteria or fungi are found in the CSF

  • could be if they are tx w antimicrobials
  • also if there are non infectious causes
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3
Q

whats worse, viral or bacterial meningitis

A

Viral is less severe– most people get better on their own

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4
Q

the most common cause of Viral meningitis*

A

non polio enteroviruses ( from late spring to fall)

diagnose CSF

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5
Q

the most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis*

A

( inflammation of the brain )

Herpes simplex 1

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6
Q

what is the only arbovirus that has a vaccine*

A

japanese encephalitis virus

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7
Q

encephalitis diseases that are Togaviridae

A

family of Western and eastern equine encephalitis

like rubella

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8
Q

from the arboviruses that cause encephalitis which one is NOT + ssRNA

A

la crosse encephalitis

  • SSRNA (3 segments)
    which means it is capable of reassortment*
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9
Q

genus capsid and genome

eastern / western equine encephalitis

A

Genus: Alphavirus
Capsid: icosahedral
genome: + rna

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10
Q

Encephalitis Diseases that are flaviriridae

A

West nile encephalitis
St. Louis encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis

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11
Q

genus capsid and genome

for west nile and st luis encephalitis

A

genus: flavivirus
Capsid: spherical
Envelope: yes

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12
Q

which disease is an ENDEMIC in north america

A

West nile encephalitis

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13
Q

which disease is an ENDEMIC in asia

A

Japanese encephalitis

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14
Q

Which disease is carried by chipmunks and squirrels

A

lacrosse encephalitis

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15
Q

What is the special test for west nile encephalitis

what other disease can this test look at

A
  • plaque reduction Neutralization test (PRNT)
  • mix virus on petri dish with cells
  • neutralizing antibodies reduce the number of plaques

also can be used to St. louis

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16
Q

how can west nile encephalitis be transmitted

A

Breast milk*

blood transfusion

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17
Q

which encephalitis virus can cross uters

A

Japanese encephalitis

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18
Q

whose at risk for EEEV

A

people under the age 15 and over age of 50

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19
Q

what is the only prevention that is available for arboviruses?

A

mosquito eradication
mosquito is a vector between birds vertebrate hosts and humans

BUT we are dead end hosts- we don’t have enough viremic load to transfer it to others (except under intrauterine transmission ) and blood/organ transplant

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20
Q

JC virus can be transferred via?

A

urine (like measles and rubella )

the virus is reactivated in the kidney

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21
Q

what can JC do in immunocompromised patients

A

it can lead to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopaty ( PML) which affects the white matter of the brain – which have multiple neurologi

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22
Q

how is JC diagnosed

A

PCR

serology is NOT helpful bc 80% of us have the virus

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23
Q

what is best tx for JC

A

`reverse the immune defficient state

like AIDS patient– antiretroviral therapy

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24
Q

what is the most serious complication of measles

A

SSPE ( subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis)

- risk factor is developing disease at an early age

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25
how is SSPE diagnosed
anti measles antibody in CSF ( igG)
26
is there standard of protocol for SSPE
NO
27
whats a prion
small infectious particles of proteins - no reliable way of detecting it and no way of DESTROYING it they DO NOT evoke host immune response bc we have the normal version of the protein
28
prions cause
TSE transmissible spongyform encephalopathies (not encephalitis bc there is NO inflammatory response) autopsies show clear zones left by dying neurons
29
who do we not accept blood donations form>
- Residence in UK > 3 m 1980 and 1996 - military bases who spent time in N Europe 1980-1990 and s Europe 1980- 1996 - donor who lived in france for 5 years or more between 1980 and present - people who received a transfusion in UK - blood donors who lived in europe for more than 5y between 1980 and now
30
five human prion diseases
``` Kuru Creutsfeldt Jakob v CJ German straussler (inherited) Fatal familial insomina( inherited) ```
31
when do the onset of symptoms begin in CJD
60 causes mental deterioration
32
lab diagnosis for CJD
EEG-- periodic sharp wave CSF- release of protein 14-3-3- MRI- increased light up of basal ganglia ( but other disease have this)
33
what is the DEFINITE diagnosis for CJD
POST MORTEM detection of the pathological form of the prion protein PrPsc in brain tissue
34
what is the safest method to ensure no risk of residual infectivity in surgical instruments w ppl w CJD
Incinerate that shit
35
what virus causes rabies
``` Rhabdovirus zoonotic infection ( from animals to humans) ```
36
what animals have rabies
dogs cats raccoons foxes and BATS
37
good thing about rabies virus
inactivated by sunlight, heat and desiccation | not viable outside the host
38
what is key symptoms of rabies
fever nausea vomiting loss of appetite and HYDROPHOBIA (causes muscle spasms when they try to swallow)
39
what is the lab diagnostic for rabies*
Direct fluorescent antibody test*** on the brain tissue which requires animal to be euthanized (rules it out with 100% certainty) ``` detection of negligence bodies RT PCR (since its RNA) ```
40
what does the rabies virus do once it enters the host:
it attaches to receptors on peripheral nerve cells, travels up axons and reaches spinal cord-- CNS and then it goes to salivary glands and mucous membranes - depends where you got bit/ concentration, severity and age
41
PEP for rabies
WASH that shit administer rabies iGG vaccinated
42
rabies PEP for dogs cats and ferrets
observe, only do PEP if they develop clinical signs of rabies (bc if escaped- vaccinate
43
for skunks raccoons and other critters
unless proven rabies free- vaccinate!
44
is pregnancy a CI for PEP in rabies?*
NO
45
Vaccination of rabies preexposure v post exposure
pre exposure: 0 7 21 28 | post exposire 0 4 7 14 + rabies igg
46
vaccination for someone that has rabies vaccine
2 doses - 0 3 and no igg needed
47
only survivor for rabies
Jeanna Giesse- put in coma and tx with antivirals
48
what does poliovirus cause
poliomyelitis
49
how is polio transmitted
fecal oral route | inhalation of infectious droplets
50
do rodents cause rabies
not in US
51
what is worst outcome of polio
paralysis this shit be contagious
52
asymptomatic illness of polio
infection is limited to oropharynx and gut 90% | still contagious
53
abortive polio
non specific febrile illness 5%
54
non paralytic polio
aseptic meningitis-- | 1-2% travels to CNS causing back bain and muscle spasms
55
paralytic polio
0.1-2% of polio | virus spreads to anterior horn cells and motor cortex--
56
Why don't we give live polio vaccines in US types of vaccines:
bc serotypes 2 and 3 can revert back to polio OPV vaccine: gives IgA immunity inactivated vaccine (IPV) does not cause polio
57
type of genetic material polio has
+ SSRNA | - shorter life cycle-- so it has less time for medical intervention
58
why is polio so hard to eradicate
``` high portion of subclinical cases (small pox didn't have this, which is why it was eradicated so easily) vaccine derived polio political changes ( present in pakistan, afghanistan and nigeria) prolonged duration of global program ```
59
dosage for IPV vaccine
4 doses - 2 m - 4 m - 6-18 m - booster 4-6y
60
hand foot and mouth disease
affect kiddos < 5 y.o | herpangina- sores in back of mouth that can become ulcers ( could be a cause of dehydration)
61
hand foot and mouth disease caused by
coxsackie virus A16 * sometimes enterovirus 71
62
how is Hand/foot m disease transferred
saliva, sputum, mucus, feces , contaminated water
63
LCM | primary host
lymphocitic choriomeningitis host- common house mouse can cause congenital hydrocephalus (vertical transmission to fetus)
64
clinical feature of LCM
-- biphasic febrile illness - fever malaise lack of appetite then -- meningitis, sensory disturbances, motor abnormalities
65
what is distinguishing of HFMD***
rash on PALMS and SOLES of feet different from varicella (trunk) and small pox (extremities)
66
which virus is associated with severe respiratory illness
Enterovirus D68 | athsma or wheezing
67
what is the primary host of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
LCM--- common house mouse can cause congenital hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis and mental retardation
68
should LCM be considered a torch pathogen? and why
YES there is vertical transmission to the fetus 1st trimester-- abortion 2/3 birth defect in utero infeciton-- severe birth defects
69
what is characteristic of LCM
biphasic febrile illness ( like with a few days of recovery)

Microbio (7 decks)

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