*Cardiology Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
heart if low K
A
increased heart irritiability
2
Q
heart if high K
A
decreased automatcity/condution
3
Q
heart if low Ca
A
decreased contractility/increased irritability
4
Q
heart if high Ca
A
increased contractility
5
Q
purpose of magnesium
A
stabilizes the cell membrane
6
Q
heart if low Mg
A
decreased conduction
7
Q
heart if high Mg
A
increased myocardial irritability
8
Q
RCA
A
supplies right ventricle and 90% of population’s SA node
9
Q
supplies the Right ventricle and SA node
A
RCA
10
Q
inferior MI
A
right coronary artery blocked & SA Node
bradycardia due to SA node involvement
11
Q
LCA block
A
widowmaker
occludes both LAD & LCX so basically the entire left side of heart
12
Q
what does LAD block MI’s
A
anterior
septal
anteroseptal MI
13
Q
MI when left circumflex (LCX) is blxed
A
lateral & posterior MI
14
Q
troponin initial rise
A
4hrs
15
Q
troponin peak
A
14-25 hrs
16
Q
troponin return to baseline
A
3-5 days
17
Q
CK-MB initial rise in MI
A
3-6hrs
18
Q
CK-MB peak in MI
A
12-24hrs
19
Q
CK-MB duration in MI
A
2-3 days
20
Q
myoglobin initial rise and peak
A
initial rise in 2hrs
peak 6-9hrs
return to baseline in 1 day
21
Q
normal troponin =
A
under 0.04
22
Q
troponin of probable MI
A
over 0.4
23
Q
leads in inferior MI
A
II, III, aVF
24
Q
avoid if inferior MI
A
BB & nitro
25
complications of inferior MI
bradycardia & AV blocks
26
needed if inferior MI
pacing, fluid challwnge
| NO nitro or BB
27
blocked in anterior MI
LAD
28
type of MI where the LAD is blocked
anterior MI
29
lead changes if the LAD is blocked
= anterior MI
| V2, V3, V4
30
worst prognosis MI
anterior MI b/c large area of left ventricle is blocked
| V2, V3, V4
31
what part of the 12 lead EKG is abnormal if anterior MI
worst prognosis
LAD blocked
bottom 2 of 3rd column = V2, V3
top on 4th column = V4
32
V1, V2, V3, V4
anteroseptal MI
33
anteroseptal MI
V1, V2, V3, V4
34
difference between anterior and anteroseptal MI
anterior MI = V2-V4
| anteriorseptal = V1-V4
35
what is affected in anteriorseptal MI
left ventricel
septum
papillary muscle dysfunction = cardiogenic shock
36
I, aVL, V5, V6
Lateral MI (LCX)
37
Lateral MI
LCX
| I, aVL, V5, V6
38
posterior MI
V1-V3
| dominant R wave in V2
39
dominant R wave in V2
posterior MI
40
V1, V2, V3
posterior MI
41
needed if pt has CP w/o apparent MI
15 lead to look at the posterior segment
42
MI that is teh execption to MONA-B
inferior MI
43
5 types of MI
```
posterior = V1-V4. LCX
anterior= V12-V4. LAD
inferior= II, III, aVF. RCA
lateral= I, aVL, V5, V6. LCX
septal = V1, V2. LAD
```
44
septal MI
V1, V2
| LAD
45
V1, V2
septal MI
| LAD
46
axis shift in hypertrophy
axis shift towards hypertorphy
47
axis shift in infarction
axis shift away from hypertrophy
48
right versus left BBB
V1
widened QRS over 0.12 seconds
turn right, flip turn signal up so upright V1
turn left, flip turn signal down so downward V1
49
RBBB
V1
widened QRS over 0,12 seconds
turn right, flip turn signal upright so upright V1
50
rabbit ears
BBB
51
what is LBBB associated with
new MI
52
another sign of new MI
LBBB
53
used to determine if EKG changes are a normal variabt of LBBB or potentially a STEMI
Sgarbossa's criteria
54
benefit of Gp2B3A inhibitors
post MI, Ingegrillin & Aggrestat anticogulate with a half life of 8hrs versus up to 4 days w/asprin
55
rx post MI to prevent ventricular remodeling
ACE in
56
why do you receive ACE in post MI
prevent ventricular remodeling
57
contraindication to fibrinolyticcs post MI
cannot be in cardiogenic shock
58
complication psot MI
cardiogenic shock
59
repair blocked RCA
saphenous vein
60
repair blocked LAD
inferior mammary artery
61
amidarone versus adenosine
AMidarone - VF/pVT. 300/150
| Adenosine - narrow complex SVT. 6/12
62
use of atropine
SB or organosphosphate posioning
| 0.5mg q3min to 3mg max
63
dose of atropine
0,5mg
64
use of dopamine
second line for bradycarida and low bp
65
dose of dop[amine
2-20mcg/kg/min
66
code Epi dose
1mg of the 1:10K every 3-5min
67
dose of Epi in a code
1mg
68
alternative to amidarone
lidocaine 1mg/kg
69
Class 1 antidysrhythmic examples -3
lidocaine, phenytoin, procainamide
| aka sodium channel blockers
70
how do class 1 antidysrhythmics work
NA CHANNEL BLOCKERS
| interfers w/Na channels, reduces the velocity oif action potential transmission within the heart (negative dromotrophy)
71
class 2 antidysrhythmis
BB.
72
what else do BB block
NE, Epi
73
Class 3 antidysrhythnics
K CHannel BLockers like amidarone, Sotalol
74
what rx class is amidarone
K channel blocker = class III antidysrhythmic
75
what rx class is Sotalol
K channel blocker = class III antidysrhythmic
76
what does CLass III antidysrhythmics
affects K efflux delaying repolarization which leads to an increae in action potential duration
77
what happens in CaChB
Class IV antidysrhythmic
| blocks Ca entery into the cell
78
what happens when you block the entrance of Ca into a cell
CaChB = vasoD, negative inotrophy/dromotrophy/chromotrophy
79
alpha 1
vasocontrict
80
beta2
bronchodilate, blood vessel D
| you have two lungs
81
dopaminergic
gut kidney vessel dilation
82
action of NE/E
vasoC/postive inotrophic
83
pressors for hypovolemic shock
NE, dopamine
84
pressors for cardiogenic shock
dobutamine and nilrinone
85
indicator for NE
hypovolemic shock
86
indication for dopamine
hypovolemic shock
87
indication for milrinone
cardiogenic shock
88
rx that increases SVR
dopamine, phenylephrine, Epi, NE
89
effect of dopamine on SVR
increase SVR
90
effect of phenylephrine on SVR
increse SVR
91
effet of NE on SVR
increase
92
effect of BB/CaCHB on SVR
decrease
93
SE of nitroprusside
cyanide toxicity
94
how to tell if a med increases/decreases SVR & Preload
```
VasoC = increase preload & SVR
VasoD= decreaes preload/SVR
```
95
SVR & preload of dopamine
increased
96
SVR & preload of phenylephrine
increased
97
SVR and preload of nicardipine
decreased
98
SVR and preload of nitroprusside
decreased
99
SVR and preload of CaCHab
decreased
100
accessory pathway of Wolff-Parkinson-WHite
accessory pathway is Bundle of Kent
| Delta wave
101
delta wave
WOlff-Parkinson White
102
slurred upstroke on the leading edge of the QRS
WOlff-Parkingson White
| aka delta wave
103
EKG of Wolff-Parkinson Wite
delta wave = slurred usptroke on the leading ege of the WRS
104
osler nodes
painful red fingertips in endocarditis
105
janeway lesions
red lesions on palm/soles in endocarditis
106
s/s of endocarditis
osler nodes & janewway lesions
107
pericarditis
inflammation or infection outside the heart
108
uremic pericarditis
pericarditis in pt in renal falure on dialysis
109
pericarditis post MI
Dressler Syndrome
110
dx Dressler Syndrome
pericarditis 4-6wks post MI
| global ST elevation
111
CXR of HF
buttlerfly/kerley B lines, bilateral diffuse infltrates
112
pg/ml
picograms per mililiter
| unit to measure BNP for HF
113
most important intervention for HF
CPAP/BIPAP
114
s/s that pt reports in aortic dissection
rip/tear between shoulder blades
115
CXR of aortic dissection
widened mediastinum, loss of aortic knowb, pleural efflusion
116
difference of 20mm hg in both arms
aortic dissection
117
treat aortic dissection
```
FIRST BB
THEN VasoD (don't use vasoD first b/c tachycardia risk)
pain rx
restrict fluids unless hypotensive
consider Blood
```
118
repair aortic aneurysm
when over 5cm or symptomatic
119
HOman's sign
dorsiflextion of food/contriction of the calf causes calf pain = DVT
120
skin temperatures differences in arterial versus venous occlusion
warm in DVT b/c blood can get in but not out
| cold in aterial b/c blood can't get to
121
crampin with ambulation
arterial occlusion
