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Cardiology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Improve survival in chronic congestive heart failure

A

ACEi

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2
Q

first line PE

A

DOAC

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3
Q

maintenance fluids for adults

A

25-30 ml/kg/hr

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4
Q

Acute STEMI

A

morphine, ox, nitrates, aspirin 300mg, ticegralor, PCI within 2h thrombolysis if not possible in 2h

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5
Q

Acute NSTEMI

A

aspirin, ticegralor, morphine, nitrates and fondiparinux

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6
Q

MI secondary prevention

A

Atorvastatin, Aspirin forever, (Another antiplatelet) clopidogrel for 12 months, ACEI, Atenolol, Aldosterone antagonist if HF

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7
Q

Acute stroke

A

300mg aspirin, thrombolysis if before 4.5 hours, thrombectomy before 24 hours

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8
Q

acute TIA

A

300mg aspirin

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9
Q

long term secondary prevention stroke

A

clopidogrel, atorvastatin, treat HTN/DM

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10
Q

first line AF

A

DOAC

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11
Q

if GTN stops working angina/prevention of angina

A

CCB

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12
Q

warfarin INR normal

A

over 8 is really bad, over 5 bad

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13
Q

definition of orthostatic hypotension

A

drop of 20 systolic or 10 diastolic after 3 mins of standing

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14
Q

provoked PE treatment

A

DOAC

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15
Q

massive PE and hypotension management

A

thrombolyse

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16
Q

sore throat, rash, arthritis and murmur

A

rheumatic fever

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17
Q

long QT

A

hypokalaemia

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18
Q

management of pericarditis

A

colchicine and NSAIDs first line

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19
Q

incidental AF rate controlled and no RF with low CDV score

A

no anticoag

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20
Q

torsades de pointes management

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A

iv magnesium sulphate

21
Q

can’t use beta blockers and patient has AF

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A

calcium channel blocker eg diltiazem

22
Q

head bobbing heart murmur

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A

aortic regurgitation

23
Q

nailbed pulsation murmur

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A

aortic regurgitation

24
Q

large CV waves JVP

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A

tricuspid regurgitation

25
cannon A waves JVP
complete heart block
26
absent A wave JVP
AF
27
heart murmur grading
1- faint only heart by expert 2- heard by non expert 3- easily heard 4- loud with thrill 5- heard over wide area with thrill 6- heard without stethoscope
28
aortic stenosis
ejection systolic murmur with crescendo-decrescendo quality, heard loudest over the aortic valve radiating to the carotid arteries
29
aortic regurgitation
early diastolic murmur heard loudest at the left sternal edge
30
mitral regurgitation
pansystolic murmur heard loudest over the mitral area which radiates to the axilla (tricuspid regurgitation is louder on inspiration)
31
erythema marginatum + arthritis + pansystolic murmur
rheumatic fever treated with IM benzylpenicillin
32
first line in cocaine induced MI
benzodiazepine
33
potassium <4.5 resistant hypertension
spironolactone
34
potassium >4.5 resistant hypertension
alpha blocker
35
what is indapamide
thiazide diuretic
36
what determines speed of referral for heart failure
BNP
37
heart failure treatment
FABSID furosemide, ACEi, BB, Spironolactone, isosorbide and digoxin 1)ACEi and BB 2)spironolactone 3)specialist
38
what is contraindicated in aortic stenosis
ACEi
39
ECG calcium
long QT= hypocalcaemia short QT= hypercalcaemia
40
P450 inducers
-antiepileptics -rifampicin -St John -chronic alcohol -smoking
41
P450 inhibitors
-cipro and erythro -isoniazid -omeprazole -amiodarone -allopurinol --azoles -SSRIs -valproate
42
what should you never do with metformin
give contrast because there can be lactic acidosis
43
MI then widespread systolic murmur, hypotension and pulmonary oedema
rupture of papillary muscle causing acute mitral regurgitation
44
patient from Africa already takes a CCB, needs more HTN treatment
ARB rather than ACEi
45
low sodium
siADH
46
what drug precipitates digoxin toxicity
indapamide (thiazide diuretics)
47
what drugs trigger haemolysis in G6PD deficiency
sulph drugs eg suplonamides, sulphasalazine and sulfonylureas
48
proximal saphenous vein thrombophlebitis investigation
straight to venous US of leg to rule out DVT without doing D dimer as this can be raised in both diseases
49
angina med situation
- aspirin and statin with GTN - BB or CCB - if CCB alone, use verapamil or diltiazem - if with BB then use amlodipine or mod-release nifedipine

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