Renal

Question 1

chronic NSAID use

Answer 1

analgesia nephropathy (CT)

Question 2

peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis cause bug

Answer 2

S. epidermidis

Question 3

spironolactone electrolyte cause

Answer 3

hyperkalaemia (and men boobs)

Question 4

thiazides electrolyte cause

Answer 4

hypokalaemia

Question 5

hypercholesterolaemia in kidney disease

Answer 5

nephrotic syndrome

Question 6

avoid contrast nephropathy in patients with CKD

Answer 6

saline to expand volume

Question 7

rhabdo CK

Answer 7

10000+

Question 8

minimal change disease management

Answer 8

steroids

Question 9

c diff

Answer 9

oral vanc (plus IV met if needed)

Question 10

bloody diarrhoea, lower right abdo pain, 36-48h after bbq chicken

Answer 10

campylobacter jejuni

Question 11

bowel cancer with tenesmus

Answer 11

rectal cancer

Question 12

oesophageal dilation

Answer 12

achalasia

Question 13

can’t swallow solids or liquids from start

Answer 13

achalasia

Question 14

erectile dys, fatigue and arthralgia early signs of

Answer 14

haemachromatosis

Question 15

what is haemochromotosis test

Answer 15

transferrin saturation

Question 16

ileocaecal resection complication

Answer 16

B12 deficiency

Question 17

coeliac blood film

Answer 17

hyposplenism so target cells and howell-jolly bodies

Question 18

oesoph varices management

Answer 18

terlipressin and proph abx

Question 19

SAAG over 11 ascites

Answer 19

tranudate

Question 20

SAAG under 11 ascites

Answer 20

edudate

Question 21

abdo pain, ascites and tender lymphadenopathy

Answer 21

budd-chiari so US

Question 22

carcinoid syndrome test

Answer 22

urinary 5HIAA

Question 23

drugs that cause hyperkalaemia

Answer 23

ACEI, ARBs, spironolactone and heparin

Question 24

AKI investigation

Answer 24

renal US

Question 25

prerenal uraemia with high blood sodium and low urine sodium

Answer 25

dehydration

Question 26

autoimmune disease of young males anaemia, pulmonary haemorrhage, haemoptysis, progressive haematuria and other lung features

Answer 26

Goodpasture's positive anti-GBM

Question 27

autoimmune vasculitis with midline respiratory involvement, renal impairment and haemoptysis

Answer 27

GPA raised cANCA cyclophosphomide and high dose steroids

Question 28

prerenal AKI causes

Answer 28

blood loss, dehydration, reduced intake or sepsis

Question 29

purpuric rash on legs, viral trigger eg URTI/GI, nephritic syndrome

Answer 29

IgA vasculitis

Question 30

nephrotic syndrome in adults

Answer 30

FSGS

Question 31

nephrotic syndrome in kids

Answer 31

minimal change disease

Question 32

nephrotic in later life with malignancy

Answer 32

membranous

Question 33

nephritic syndrome

Answer 33

acute kidney function decline, oliguria, oedema, HTN and haematuria

Question 34

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 34

proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema, hypercholesterolaemia and normal renal function

Question 35

acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 35

allergy in kidney caused by drug causing AKI with mild proteinuria, leukocytes and flank pain

Question 36

normal urine output

Answer 36

>0.5mls/kg/hr

Question 37

indications for acute haemodialysis

Answer 37

hyperkalaemia, uraemic pericarditis, acidaemia and pulmonary oedema

Question 38

important infection in immunocompromised people

Answer 38

CMV and also EBV

Question 39

PKD heart condition

Answer 39

mitral valve prolapse

Question 40

correcting hyponatraemia too quickly

Answer 40

osmotic demyelination syndrome

Question 41

correcting hypernatraemia too quickly

Answer 41

cerebral oedema

Question 42

primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 42

low renin high aldosterone bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or Conn's (adenoma)

Question 43

secondary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 43

high renin high aldosterone renal artery stenosis give spironolactone

Question 44

renal cell carcinoma secondary effects

Answer 44

polycythaemia, hypertension and hypercalcaemia

Question 45

first line for hypercalcaemia

Answer 45

IV rehydration (then bisphosphonates)