Cardiology Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
MC type of ASD
A
Ostium secundum
2
Q
Ostium secundum defect plus defect in gene TBX5
A
Holt Oram Syndrome
3
Q
Most common congenital heart disease in ADULTS
A
ASD
4
Q
Snowman sign on xray
A
TAPVR
5
Q
AKA: cardiac-limb syndrome/ ventriculo radial syndrome
A
Holt oram syndrome
6
Q
Four pulmonary veins drain to RA instead of LA
A
TAPVR
7
Q
MC ASD associated with Down Syndrome
A
Ostium primum
8
Q
Anomalous vein draining to IVC, seen as crescentic shadow on the R border of cardiac silhouette
A
Scimitar syndrome
9
Q
MC congenital heart disease in children
A
VSD
10
Q
CHD associated with maternal rubella infection
A
PDA
11
Q
Large communication between 2 circulations with result in reversal of left to right shunt into a right to left shunt
A
Eisenmenger syndrome
12
Q
Functioning connection between pulmonary artery and descending aorta
A
PDA
13
Q
Tx for closure of PDA
A
Indomethacin
14
Q
MC cyanotic congenital HD
A
TOF
15
Q
Machinery like murmur
A
PDA
16
Q
Components of TOF
A
Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
RVH
Overriding of aorta
VSD
17
Q
Trilogy of fallot
A
Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
VSD
18
Q
In what condition do you see tet spells
A
TOF
19
Q
Pentalogy of fallot
A
Pulmonary stenosis RVH Overriding of aorta VSD ASD
20
Q
Boot shaped heart
A
TOF
21
Q
Aortic narrowing at the area of ductus venosus(ligamentum arteriosum)
A
Coarctation of aorta
22
Q
Surgical tx for TOF
A
Blalock Taussig Shunt
23
Q
BP higher in upper ext than in lower ext
A
Coarctation of aorta
24
Q
Coarctation of aorta w/c is proximal to a PDA
A
Infantile
25
Most common site of aortic dissection
Ascending aorta,w/in 10cm from aortic valve
26
Rib notching
Coarctation of aorta
27
Coarcation of aorta located distal of aortic arch
Adult
28
Tricuspid valve is displaced,atrialized RV, ASD
Ebstein anomaly
29
Inversion of aorta and pulmonary artery with respect to ventricles (ventriculo-arterial discordance)
TGA
30
Box shaped heart
Ebstein anomaly
31
Egg on its side
TGA
32
Aka systolic click murmur syndrome
MVP
33
Symptoms of aortic stenosis
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea
34
Floppy valve syndrome
MVP
35
2 disorders associated with MVP
Marfan syndrome
| Ehler Danlos syndrome
36
Ballooning of Mitral valve
MVP
37
MC benign cardiac tumor in adults
Myxoma
38
Myxomatous degeneration of the valve
MVP
39
MC location of myxoma
Left atrium
40
MC cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyoma
41
Midsystolic click murmur
MVP
42
MC location of cardiac rhabdomyoma
Ventricles
43
Morphologic feature of rhabdomyoma
Spider cells
44
MC type of cardiomyopathy
Dilated CM
45
Cardiac rhabdomyoma is associated with what condition
Tuberous sclerosis
46
Cardiac enlargement with dilation all 4 chambers
Dilated CM
47
MCC of dilated cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic
48
Progressive cardiac dilation with systolic dysfunction
Dilated CM
49
Second MCC of dilated CM
Alcohol
50
Chemo drug associated with dilated CM
Doxurubicin
51
Aka idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Hypertrophic CM
52
New onset atrial fibrillation,w/o a structural abnormality, after a binge drinking spree
Holiday heart syndrome
53
Aka congestive cardiomyopathy
Dilated CM
54
Aka asymmetric septal hypertrophy
Hypertrophic CM
55
Most common rhythm associated with holiday heart syndrome
Atrial fibrillation
56
Hallmark of restrictive CM
Abnormal diastolic function
57
Ventricular walls are rigid often secondary to myocardial fibrosis
Restrictive CM
58
Associated with sudden cardiac death in young athlete
Hypertrophic CM
59
Broken heart syndrome
Takotsubo stress CM
60
MCC of restrictive CM
Amyloidosis
61
Normal amount of pericardial fluid
30-50 ml
62
MC type of pericardial effusion
Serous type
63
Pericardial friction rub
Pericarditis
64
MC type of pericarditis
Fibrinous/serofibrinous
65
Post MI pericarditis
Dressler syndrome
66
MCC of pericarditis
Viral
67
Most important lesion if infective endocarditis
Vegetations
68
Non bacterial endocarditis associated with small cell/oat cell lung cancer
Marantic endocarditis
"Malinis"
"Maliit"
"Malignancy"
69
Prototype lesion in IE
Vegetation
70
Most consistent sign of IE
Fever
71
Lesions at palm of hands seen in IE
Janeway lesion
| "Hold jane at her palms to show her the way"
72
Retinal hemorrhage seen in IE
Roth spots
73
Lesions at pulp of fingers seen in IE
Osler nodes
74
Causative agent of IE in IV drug users
S.aureus
75
Causative agent in subacute bacterial endocarditis
S.viridans
76
Causative agent in prosthetic valve endocarditis
S.epidermidis
77
Cardiac arrhythmia associated with sudden cardiac death
V. Fibrillation
78
MC aquired heart disease in children
Rheumatic fever
79
Pathognomonic of Rheumatic fever
Aschoff bodies
80
Large histiocytes with central oval nuclei in w/c chromatin has condensed toward the center to form an irregular linear shape
Anitschkow cells
81
Fish mouth orifice/button hole deformity of MV
Mitral stenosis
82
Most common cause of mitral stenosis
RHD
83
Tachycardia out of proportion to the fever and persists during sleep
Myocarditis
84
MC symptoms in RF
Fever and polyarthritis
85
Opening snap and diastolic rumble
Mitral stenosis
86
DOC for RF
Penicillin
87
Hallmark of RF
MV damage
88
MCC of death in RHD
CHF
89
Mutation in SCN5 gene encoding for sodium channel
Brugada syndrome
90
Auscultation site for mitral valve
Left 5th ICS MCL
91
MCC of natural death in men <50yo
Brugada syndrome
92
Fastest rate of automaticity of the heart
SA node
93
Sawtooth on ECG
Atrial flutter
94
MC ECG finding associated with graves disease/hyperthyroidism
Atrial fibrillation
95
DOC for SVT
Adenosine
96
Single most common cause of heart failure
CAD
97
MCC for pump failure
Myocardial hypertrophy secondary to hypertension
98
MCC of right sided HF
Left sided HF
99
Right sided heart failure caused by pulmonary hypertension from an intrinsic lung disease
Cor pulmonale
100
Hepatomegaly with centrilobular congestion and atrophy of central hepatocytes (chronic passive congestion of liver)
Nutmeg liver
101
Tx for stable angina
BANSA +lifestyle
102
Tx for UA/NSTEMI
BANSA +heparin
+/- PCI or CABG
Lifestyle
103
Tx for STEMI
BANSA + PCI/CABG
Heparin
Lifestyle
104
Indications for CABG
left main coronary artery occlusion + DM
105
Contraindication for morphine in AMI
Posteroinferior MI
106
Initial ecg changes in stemi
ST elevation
107
Tachycardia and hypertension in MI stimulated by sympathetic reflex
James reflex
108
Killips class with cardiogenic shock
Killips class 4
109
Bradycardia and hypotension seen in posterior / inferior wall MI
Bezold Jarisch reflex
110
Killips class with rales and s3 gallop
Killips class 3
111
Microscopic change in MI at 4-24 hrs
Coagulative necrosis
112
Killips class with pulmonary edema
Class 3
113
Microscopic change in MI at 1-4 days
Neutrophilic infiltrates
114
Cardiac biomarker which is elevated by 3-6 hrs and return to normal at 7-10 days
Troponin I
116
Gross changes in MI at 1-7 days
Yellow pallor
117
Microscopic change in MI at 4-7 days
Macrophages
118
Cardiac biomarker which is elevated by 4-8 hrs and returns to normal at 2-3 days
CK-MB
119
Gross changes in MI at 0-18 hrs
No gross change
120
Location of SA node
In the wall of Right atrium lateral to sinus venarum where SVC enters the RA
121
Cardiac muscle fiber RMP
-90 mV
122
Closure of AV valves
1st heart sound
123
Closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic valves)
2nd heart sound
124
Permanently wide split s2 is seen in
RBBB
125
Capacitance is greatest in:
Veins
126
Site of highest resistance
Arterioles
127
Largest cross sectional and surface area
Capillaries
128
Reservoir of blood
Veins
129
Most important determinant of pulse pressure
Stroke volume
130
Conditions with different bp in the extremities
Coarctation of aorta
| Thoracic aortic dissection
131
Neurodegenerative disease that presents with parkinsonism and autonomic dysfunction and loss of balance
Multiple systems atrophy
| Previously known as Shy dragger syndrome
132
Normal effect of respiration on BP
Systolic bp decreases on inspiration
133
Exaggerated fall of 10mmhg or more in SBP during normal inspiration
Pulsus paradoxus
134
Fixed splitting of heart sound is seen in
ASD
135
2 conditions presenting with pulsus paradoxus
Cardiac tamponade
| Status asthmaticus
136
Corrigan pulse
Aortic regurgitation
| Co-RA
137
Pulsus parvus et tardus
Aortic stenosis
| PPTas
138
Bisferiens pulse (twice beating pulse)
HCOM
AR
"BIHORA"
139
WPW triad
Short P-R interval
Prolonged QRS
Delta wave
140
DOC for prizmetal angina
CCB
141
Causative agent of an indolent culture negative afebrile endocarditis
Tropheryma whipplei
142
Diagnostic method of choice in visualization of vegetation
TEE
143
Most common peripheral manifestion in IE
Petechiae
144
Most common lab finding in IE
Anemia
145
Jones major criteria for RF
```
Joints- polyarthritis
Oh my heart-carditis
Nodules-sq nodules
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
```
146
Tx for doxurubicin induced cardiomyopathy
Dexazoxane (iron chelator)
147
Most common brand/trade name of doxurubicin
Adriamycin
