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GI Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

RMP of GI smooth muscle cells during slow waves

A

-56mV

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2
Q

Pacemaker of GI Tract

A

Interstitial cells of cajal

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3
Q

Excitatory/Inhibitory:

Parasympathetic system

A

Excitatory

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4
Q

Excitatory/Inhibitory:

Sympathetic system

A

Inhibitory

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5
Q

Origin of of parasympathetic nervous system

A

Craniosacral:
Cranial: vagus nerve
Sacral: S2-S4

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6
Q

Origin of sympathetic nervous system

A

Thoracolumbar

T5-L2

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7
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

Auerbach plexus

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8
Q

Submucosal plexus

A

Meissners plexus

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9
Q

Control tonic contractions of GIT

A

Myenteric plexus

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10
Q

Control GI secretions

A

Meissners plexus

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11
Q

Swallowing center

A

Medulla and lower pons

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12
Q

Cranial nerves involved in swallowing reflex

A

CN V,IX,X,XII

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13
Q

Phases of swallowing reflex

A

Oral phase-voluntary
Pharyngeal phase- involuntary
Esophageal phase- involuntary

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14
Q

Stimulatory hormones in GI

A

Ach

Gastrin

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15
Q

Inhibitory hormones in GI

A

Norepinephrine

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16
Q

What increases gastric emptying?

A

Gastrin

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17
Q

Vomiting center

A

Medulla

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18
Q

Chemical trigger zone

A

Area postrema

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19
Q

Location of chemical trigger zone

A

Roof of 4th ventricle

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20
Q

Circumventricular organ

A

Area postrema

Lack tight junction- no BBB

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21
Q

Type of motility characterized by mixing and churning, non propulsive

A

Segmental

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22
Q

Type of motility that results in elimination of GI contents

A

Propulsive

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23
Q

Range of RMP in GI smooth muscle

A

-40 to -80 mV

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24
Q

Inhibitory/excitatory

A

VIP and NO

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25
Main site for digestion and absorption
Small interstine
26
Biggest part of small intestine
Ileum-55% Jejunum-40% Duodenum-5%
27
Predominant movement of SI:
Segmentation
28
Basic mechanism of glucose transport in Intestine
Via Na cotransport
29
Produces entirely serous ptyalin rich saliva
Parotid gland
30
States that intestine contracts behind a bolus and relax infront
Law of intestine
31
Overdistention of one segment of intestine will cause distention of another part of intestine
Intestinointestinal reflex
32
If there is increased gastric secretion and motor activity, there is also increased movement through ileocecal valve
Gastroileal reflex
33
Parietal cells
Intrinsic factor | Hcl
34
G cells
Gastrin
35
D cells
Somatostatin
36
Enterochromaffin cells
Serotonin
37
Mucous neck cells
HCO3
38
Chief cells
Pepsinogen
39
Most abundant GI secretory cell
Chief cells
40
ECL cells
Histamine
41
I cells
CCK
42
S cells
Secretin
43
At what ph is pepsin most active
2.0
44
At what ph is pepsis inactivated
6.5
45
Autoimmune attack on parietal cells
Pernicious anemia
46
3 physiologic agonists for acid secretion
Ach Gastrin Histamine
47
Antagonist for acid secretion
Somatostatin PGE PGI EGF
48
Amount of gastric juice secreted per day
2 liters
49
Most important pancreatic enzymes to digest protein
Trypsin Chymotrypsin Carboxypeptidase
50
Action of CCK in GB and Sphincter of Oddi
Contract GB and relax sphincter of oddi
51
Amount of bile secreted per day
500ml
52
Stimulate HCO3 secretion
Secretin
53
Phase of pancreatic secretion with greatest release of pancreatic fluid
Intestinal phase
54
Most abundant substance secreted in bile
Bile salts
55
Max volume of GB
30-60ml
56
2 most important action of bile salts
Emulsification/detergent function | Micelle formation
57
Cleaves alpha 1,4 glycosidic bond
Alpha amylase
58
Bursts of intense electrical and contractile activity in fasting state
Migrating myoelectric complex
59
Most common site of perforation
Cecum
60
Most common site of obstruction
Sigmoid
61
Primary site of water and electrolyte absorption
Proximal colon
62
Action is to counteract hcl
Secretin
63
Enzyme that convert trypsinogen to trypsin
Enterokinase
64
2 examples of primary bile acid
Cholic acid | Chenodeoxycholic acid
65
Digests protein
Pepsin
66
Inhibit gastrin secretion when ph is <3
Somatostatin
67
K cells in duodenum
GIP
68
Increase insulin and decrease H secretion
GIP
69
Control of salivary secretion
Parasympathetic

Triad Subjects (8 decks)

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