cardiology Flashcards
(64 cards)
Most efficient extractor of oxygen
heart
Intracellular junctions responsible for the cardiac syncytium
Gap junctions
Substance that dilates upstream blood vessels
Endothelium-derived Relaxing factor (EDRF) aka Nitric Oxide (NO)
Most potent vasoconstrictor
ADH (can incrase levels of endothelin 1)
An increase in Venous return will increase the stroke voluume, Basisl Stretching of cardiac sarcomeres will increase contraction
Frank-Starling Mechanism
Hypertension, irregular respiration and bradycardia due to activation of the CNS ischemic response and baroreceptor reflex in increased intracranial pressure
Cushing Reflex
Formula for BP based on Ohm’s Law
BP = CO x TPR TPR= (HR x SV) x TPR
TPR is synonymous with systemic Vascular resistance and increases when arterioles vasoconstricted
Normal pressure at various parts of the adult circulation
Large Arteries = <120/80 mmHg Systemic Capillaries: 17 mmHg Vena Cava : 0 mmHg Pulmonary Artery: 25/8 mmHg Pulmonary Capillaries: 7 mmHg
Abdominojugular Reflux
At least 10 second pressure over the RUQ
(+) = sustained rise of >3 cm in JVP for at least 10-15 seconds after release of the hand
Pansystolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation
Louder during inspiration and diminishes during forced expiration
Carvallo’s sign
High pitched, diastolic, decresendo blowing murur along the left sternal border due to dilation of the pulmonary valve ringl occurs in mitral valve disease and severe pulmonary hypertension
Graham Steell Murmur
Condition where the murmur of AS may be transmitted downward and to the apex and may be confused with the systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation
Gallavardin effect
Apical pulse is reduced and may retract in systole in constrictve pericarditis
Broadbent’s sign
A rapidly rising “water-hammer: pulse that collapses suddenly as arterial pressure falls rapidly during late systole and diastole, Seen in AR
Corrigan’s pulse
Capillary pulsation manifests as alternate flushing and paling of the skin while pressure is applied to the tip of the nail, seen in AR
Quincke’s pulse
A booming “pistol-shot” sound heard over the femoral arteries, seen in AR
Traube’s sign
To- and -fro murmur audible if the femoral artery is lightly compressed with a stethoscope, seen in AR
Duroziez Sign
Major noninvasive marker of increased CV morbidity/Mortality risk
LVH
Cornerstone in the diagnosis of acute and chronic ischemic Heart disease
ECG
ideal imaging modality for cardiac emergencies
2D echo
Gold standard for assessing LV mass and volumes
MRI
Triad of ruptured aneurysm
Left Flanked pain
hypotension
Pulsatile mass
Dx triad of Wolff-parkinson-white ECG pattern
wide QRS complex
Relatively short PR interval
Slurring of the initial part of the QRS complex (delta wave)
Triad of Chronic renal failure in ECG
Peaked T waves (hyperkalemia)
Long QT due to ST segment lengthening (hypocalcemia)
LVH (systemic hypertension)
