Cardiology Flashcards
(12 cards)
1
Q
What is the criteria on ECG to diagnose a STEMI?
A
> 2mm of elevation in two contiguous chest leads OR >1mm elevation in two contiguous limb leads
2
Q
Name 4 cardiac causes of AF:
A
- hypertension
- heart failure
- atrial dilatation (secondary to mitral stenosis/regurg)
- cardiac surgery
3
Q
Name 4 non-cardiac causes of AF:
A
- infection
- thyrotoxicosis
- alcohol
- pulmonary embolism
4
Q
Describe the murmur of AS:
A
STENOSIS - pressure overload
- ejection systolic murmur
- slow rising pulse
- radiates to carotids (listen while patient holds breath)
- heard best over aortic valve area
5
Q
Describe the murmur of MS:
A
- mid-diastolic murmur
- RUMBLING
- radiated to axilla
- opening snap
- AF may be present
- patient lies on LHS holding expiration to hear accentuated MR
6
Q
Describe the murmur of AR:
A
- diastolic murmur
- BLOWING
- heard at left lower sternal edge while patient holding expiration
- high pitched
- collapsing pulse
7
Q
Describe the murmur of MR:
A
REGURGITATION - volume overload
- pan systolic murmur
- blowing sound
- displaced apex beat
- raised JVP
- AF may be present
- patient lies on LHS holding expiration to hear accentuated MR
8
Q
Describe a type 5 MI:
A
MI associated with CABG
9
Q
Describe a type 1 MI
A
MI due to cardiac event e.g. ischaemia, clot
10
Q
Describe a type 2 MI
A
MI due to increased oxygen demand/decreased oxygen supply e.g. PE, arrhythmias
11
Q
Describe a type 3 MI
A
Sudden cardiac death
12
Q
Describe a type 4 MI
A
a - due to PCI
b - due to stent thrombosis
