Gastrointestinal

Question 1

What are the extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 1

EYES: iritis, episcleritis, uveitis
MSK: osteoporosis, seronegative arthritis
DERM: erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, mouth ulcers
OTHER: finger clubbing, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 2

Name 4 causes of hepatomegaly:

Answer 2

Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
NAFLD
Leukaemia
Lymphoma

Question 3

Name 4 causes of splenomegaly:

Answer 3

CML
Lymphoma
Leukaemia
EBV infection
Hepatitis
Portal hypertension

Question 4

Name some signs seen on examination of chronic liver disease:

Answer 4

Spider navi
Gynaecomastia
Axillary hair loss
Distended abdomen

Question 5

Name the three main causes of ascites:

Answer 5

(Remember HoIP)

Hypoalbuminaemia: cirrhosis, protein malabsorption, nephrotic syndrome

Inflammation: metastatic carcinoma, infection (peritoneal TB)

Portal hypertension: Chronic liver disease

Question 6

Name 5 common causes of rectal bleeding:

Answer 6

Haemorrhoids
Anal fissure
Colorectal cancer
IBD (Crohns/UC)
Diverticular disease
Blood loss from upper GI tract (oesophageal varices, gastritis)