MSK Flashcards
(10 cards)
What are the red flags of back pain?
- age >55/<20yrs
- pain at night
- cancer history
- B symptoms: fevers, sweats, weight loss
- morning stiffness
- immunosuppression
- bladder/bowel dysfunction
- disturbed gait
- saddle anaesthesia
What type of back pain is described by the following:
- sudden onset lower back pain relieved by rest
- unilateral
- worse when coughing/sneezing
- clear mechanical precipitant e.g. lifting box
Mechanical back pain
What type of back pain is described by the following:
- EMS<30mins
- back pain increased with rest
- pain disturbs sleep
- stiff rigid spine on examination with sacroiliac joint tenderness
Inflammatory back pain
What are the X-ray features of an osteoporotic joint?
LOSS! Loss of joint space Osteophytes Subchondral sclerosis Subchondral cysts
What are the X-ray features of a rheumatoid joint?
SPADE Soft tissue swelling Periarticular osteoporosis Loss of joint space Deformity (subluxation) Erosions (bony erosions)
What are the side effects of methotrexate?
(my posh granny Margaret rides horses)
Marrow suppression Pulmonary fibrosis GI upset (nausea, ulcers) Megaloblastic anaemia Rash Hepatotoxicity
Describe the dermatomes of the leg:
ANTERIOR: L1 = upper thigh L2 = lower thigh L3 = knee L4 = upper shin L5 = lower shin & 2nd-4th toes S1 = pinkie toe S2 = big toe
POSTERIOR:
S1 = lateral leg, entire length from heel to buttock
S2 = medial leg, entire length from heel to buttock
What are the management options for an extracapsular/subtrochanteric neck of femur fracture?
Surgical screws
What are the management options for an intracapsular neck of femur fracture?
Hemi-arthroplasty/total arthroplasty
What are the treatment options for osteoarthritis of the knee?
Conservative:
- weight loss
- smoking cessation
- ice packs
- physiotherapy (strengthen surrounding muscles)
- walking aids
Medical:
- NSAIDs
- analgesia
- intra-articular steroids
Surgical:
- total knee replacement
