Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EOR: Family Medicine > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What condition?

a 50-year-old woman with a history of hyperlipidemia and diabetes type 2 complaining of “chest pain attacks.”

She says that these attacks tend to occur while walking up five flights of stairs to get to her apartment.

they last for 15-20 minutes and are relieved by rest.

She describes the pain as sharp and substernal.

A baseline EKG is unremarkable.

stress EKG and observe transient ST depressions in the anterolateral leads after significant exertion

A

Stable angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dx of stable/unstable angina…

A

EKG

Exercise stress test

Echo/stress echo

coronary angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gold standard Dx of angina…

A

coronary angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Medical Tx of Stable angina… (6)

A

ASA, nitrates, Beta Blockers, CCBs, ACE Inhibitors, Statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Invasive Tx for stable angina (2)

A

coronary angioplasty

CABG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What condition?

a 58-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia

dull left-sided chest discomfort while at rest at home that was not relieved with taking nitroglycerin.

His ECG shows no ST-segment changes; serum troponin is not elevated.

A

Unstable Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ST depression > 1mm indicates…

A

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for unstable angina…

A

antiplatelet drugs

Beta blockers

nitro/CCBs

Revascularization

ACE-I + Statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tx of prinzmetal angina

A

Nitrates

CCBs for prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is contraindicated for prinzmetal angina?

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is contraindicated for prinzmetal angina?

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What arrythmia?

RFs: Elderly, excessive alcohol use

Symptoms range from syncope, dyspnea, palpitations

Irregularly irregular pulse

A

a fib/flutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tx for a-fib/flutter RATE

A

CCBs, Beta Blockers

diltiazem/verapamil or metoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx for afib/flutter rhythm (2 categories)

A

< 48 hours: cardioversion, amiodarone)

> 48 hours: anticoags x 21 days then cardioversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CHADS2VASc score > (x) = anticoagulation

A

2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LBBB ECG findings…

A

bunny ears in V4-V6 (R and R’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

RBBB ECG findings…

A

bunny ears in V1-V3 (R and R’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Medical tx progression for PSVTs…

A

valsalva –> adenosine –> radioablation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SVT with delta waves and longer QRS…

A

WPW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Etiology for torsades…

A

hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tx for torsades…

A

IV magnesium sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stable wide complex VT Tx…

A

amiodarone, lidocaine,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

8 DDx for CP

A

MI

Angina

Pericarditis

Aortic dissection

PE

Pulmonary HTN

Rheumatic fever

Costochondritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CP relieved by sitting/leaning forward

CP worse supine and during inspiration

A

pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
severe, tearing CP radiating to back...
aortic dissection
26
Dyspnea + pleuritic CP can't miss DDx...
PE
27
Dyspnea on exertion CP Edema Syncope Loud S2/P2 + ejection click
Pulmonary HTN
28
Migratory joint pain knees, ankles, elbows CP (+) ASO Titers
Rheumatic fever
29
Pain with palpation of chest Chest Pain with movement of the arm
costochondritis
30
What condition? 48 yo male hx of ESRD and DM. Dyspnea, cough, CP worse with inspiration and laying flat Relief leaning forward/sitting upright CMP shows BUN > 60
pericarditis
31
pericardial friction rub diffuse ST segment elevation
pericarditis
32
Dx of pericarditis
ECG Echo (+) Kussmaul's sign (increased CVP during inspiration)
33
Tx of pericarditis
NSAIDs/ASA x 7-14 days corticosteroids if sxs persist > 48 hours
34
Tx of pericardial effusion
pericardiocentesis/pericardial window
35
Dx of AAA
Ultrasound, CT Angiography gold standard
36
Screening for AAA
ultrasound in men 65-75 who have ever smoked
37
Aortic dissection Dx (2)
MRI Angiography CXR showing widened mediastinum
38
which tx for HTN? concurrent angina pectoris...
CCBs
39
which tx for HTN? DM with proteinuria
ACE/ARB
40
ACE-I contraindicated in...
pregnancy
41
which tx for HTN? (2) a/w hyperkalemia
ACE-I, spironolactone
42
_______ HTN meds are contraindicated in asthma and may cause impotence
beta blockers
43
____ HTN meds may cause leg edema
CCBs
44
Which CCBs are for rate control?
verapamil, diltiazem
45
_____ HTN meds treat HTN and BPH
alpha blockers
46
____ HTN med may cause lupus-like syndrome or pericarditis
hydralazine
47
DOC for hypertensive urgency
clonidine
48
DOC for hypertensive emergency
sodium nitroprusside
49
DOC for malignant hypertension
clevidipine/sodium nitroprusside
50
Pt. p/w: heart murmur with one week increasing fatigue/low fever hx of dental cleaning/surgery Grade III holosystolic murmur at apex
infectious endocarditis
51
Roth spots janeway lesions splinter hemorrhages painful osler nodes digital clubbing
infectious endocarditis
52
Stroke + fever... can't miss DDx...
infectious endocarditis
53
MC pathogen for endocarditis...
strep. viridans
54
Dx of endocarditis (4)
Blood Cx x 3 1 hour apart EKG CBC/ESR/RF TEE
55
Tx of endocarditis with no IVDU and native heart valves...
ampicillin 500mg/hr IV Nafcillin 2g IV q 4 hours Gentamicin 1 mg/kg IV q 8 hours
56
Tx of endocarditis with prosthetic valve
vancomycin 15mg/kg IV q 12 hours nafcillin 2g IV q 4 hours Gentamycin 1 mg/kg IV q 8 hours
57
Tx of endocarditis for IVDU
nafcillin 2 g IV q 4 hours (covers MSSA)
58
endocarditidis abx prophylaxis
2g amoxicillin 30-60 min before procedure
59
Labs for CHF
BNP (low in obese) EKG CXR showing kerley B lines Echocardiogram (most useful)
60
NY Heart Failure Classifications: 4
1: no limitation 2: slight limitation of activity, comfortable at rest 3: marked limitation of activity, comfortable at rest 4: no physical activity, angina at rest
61
Tx for systolic left heart failure...
Loop Diuretic + ACE-I + beta blocker
62
Tx for diastolic HF
ACE + Beta Blocker or CCB
63
3 meds for intermittent claudication
ASA + clopidogrel cilostazol (PDE inhibitor)
64
High intensity statin therapy
Atorvastatin 40-80 mg Rosuvastatin 20mg
65
Which HLD drug class? TGs: down 20-40% LDL: down 18-55% HDL: 5-15 pt increase SFx: myopathy, rhabdo, increased LFTs
Statins
66
Which HLD drug class? TGs: 40-60% LDL: 5-30% increase HDL: 15-25 SFx: rhabdo
Fibrates
67
Which HLD drug class? TGs: 30-50% LDL: 5-10% increase HDL: 5-10 SFx: flushing, poor glycemic control increased LFTs
niacin
68
Which HLD drug class? TGs: 30-50% LDL: 5-10 increase HDL: 5-10 SFx: GI upset
fish oil
69
gold standard for PVD
angiography
70
surgical interventions for PAD/PVD
angioplasty bypass graft
71
MC site for PAD/PVD
superficial femoral artery
72
Pt. p/w: pain in one or more LE muscle groups diminished/absent distal pulses hair loss thick toenails pallor
PAD/PVD
73
Diastolic murmur usually indicates...
heart disease
74
Which murmur? Soft HIGH PITCHED, BLOWING DIASTOLIC murmur along LSB with the patient sitting, leaning forward after exhaling
Aortic regurgitation
75
Which murmur? DIASTOLIC low-pitched DECRESCENDO and rumbling with OPENING SNAP at the APEX best heart at apex
mitral stenosis
76
Which murmur? High pitch, decrescendo murmur at LUSB, increases with inspiration Best heard at LUSB
pulmonary regurgitation
77
Which murmur? MID DIASTOLIC RUMBLING at LLSB with OPENING SNAP
tricuspid stenosis
78
Which murmur? Systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo RUSB Best heard when sitting
aortic stenosis
79
Which murmur? HARSH MIDSYSTOLIC EJECTION CRESCENDO-DECRESCENDO murmur with WIDELY SPLIT S2 at LSB that RADIATES TO THE LEFT SHOULDER & NECK best heard supine
pulmonic stenosis
80
Which murmur? Medium-pitched, mid-systolic murmur that decreases with squatting and increases with straining S4 gallop and apical lift with a thick, stiff left ventricle
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
81
Which murmur? MIDSYSTOLIC EJECTION CLICK at APEX
mitral valve prolapse
82
Which murmur? best heard supine BLOWING HOLOSYSTOLIC murmur at APEX with a SPLIT S2
Mitral regurgitation
83
Which murmur? HIGH PITCHED HOLOSYSTOLIC murmur at mid LSB
tricuspid regurgitation
84
Which murmur? HARSH HOLOSYSTOLIC murmur heard best at the LLSB with WIDE RADIATION and a fixed, split S2
VSD

EOR: Family Medicine (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions