Cardiology A&P Flashcards
(40 cards)
Which valves are opened/closed during ventricular diastole?
Opened: AV Valves (Mitral/Tricuspid)
Closed: Semilunar Valves (Aortic/Pulmonary)
Which valves are opened/closed during ventricular systole?
Opened: Semilunar Valves (Aortic/Pulmonary)
Closed: AV Valves (Mitral/Tricuspid)
What does the Right Coronary Artery perfuse?
- Right ventricle
- Inferior wall and AV Node in 90% of patients
What does the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery supply?
- Septum and Anterior wall of the left ventricle
- Bundle Branches
What does the Left Circumflex Coronary Artery supply?
- Lateral Wall
- Inferior Wall and AV Node in 10% of patients
Define “Atrial Kick”.
The quantity of blood pushed into the ventricles with atrial systole. Accounts for 20% - 30% of the blood volume in the ventricle just prior to ventricular systole
What does the LUBB sound indicate?
The AV valves closing (ventricular systole)
What does the DUBB sound indicate?
The Semilunar valves closing (ventricular diastole)
List the functions of arteries.
- Carries blood away from the heart
- Highest pressure
- Diameter adjustment has great effect on PVR and afterload
List the functions of veins.
- Carries blood towards the heart
- Lowest pressure
- Has large capacity for storing/”pooling” blood
- Diameter adjustment has great effect on blood returning to the heart (preload)
List the functions of capillaries.
Exchange of O2, nutrients, wastes, CO2 between body tissues and the circulatory system
Describe the Tunica Externa (adventitia).
- The thickest, outermost layer of arteries and veins
- Composed of strong fibrous connective tissue
Describe the Tunica Media.
- The middle layer of arteries and veins
- Composed of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
- Thicker in arteries than veins
Describe the Tunica Intima.
- Inner most layer of arteries and veins, Lines the lumen
- Very smooth and delicate
Describe the Endothelium.
Forms the tunica intima of arteries and veins; It is the only layer in a capillary
Define Anastomoses.
Artery to artery, vein to vein, or artery to vein connections that bypass capillary beds.
What is collateral circulation?
The use of anastomoses to extend into neighboring areas to perfusion and create alternate blood supply routes to that area.
What pressures are responsible for movement of fluid out of the capillaries?
- Capillary hydrostatic pressure (BP)
- Interstitial oncotic pressure
What pressures are responsible for movement of fluid into the capillaries?
- Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
- Capillary oncotic pressure
What is the normal blood volume for an adult male?
70 mL/kg
Cardiac Output
Volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute
CO= SV x HR
Where do the coronary arteries originate?
Base of the aorta
Which coronary artery provides blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle?
Left circumflex
Which coronary artery most likely provides blood to the AV node and the inferior wall of the left ventricle?
Right coronary
