Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

what is dilated cardiomyopathy like?

Answer 1

dilated chamber, thinned walls
systolic dysfunction mainly

Question 2

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy like?

Answer 2

concentric hypertrophy, small cavity, +/- left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
diastolic dysfunction mainly

Question 3

what is secondary/extrinsic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 3

myocardial disease secondary to another identifiable systemic disease

Question 4

what are some common cardiomyopathies in veterinary medicine?

Answer 4

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
dilated cardiomyopathy
restrictive cardiomyopathy
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
myocarditis»>DCM
tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

Question 5

in whom is cardiomyopathy the most common cause of heart disease?

Answer 5

cats

Question 6

what are the presentations for cardiomyopathy?

Answer 6

congestive heart failure
cardiac arrhythmias
thromboembolism

Question 7

what are the etiologies of canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

heterogenous condition
end-stage of myocyte damage/dysfunction
cytoskeletal protein mutations
nutritional
co-enzyme Q10?

Question 8

what can be found on cardiac auscultation with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 8

soft (II-III/VI) systolic murmur- mitral or tricuspid
gallop (S3)
arrhythmia often present

Question 9

what can be seen on thoracic radiographs with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 9

generalized cardiomegaly, tracheal elevation
left atrial enlargement
perihilar interstitial pattern, bronchial pattern, +/- alveolar infiltrates
variable vessel findings; veins>arteries
+/- enlarged caudal vena cava and liver
pleural effusion/pleural fissure lines
VHS in deep-chested dogs

Question 10

what arrhythmias may be seen in canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 10

atrial fibrillation
ventricular arrhythmias
atrial premature contractions

Question 11

what is reduced on echocardiography in canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 11

fractional shortening
ejection fraction

Question 12

what is dilated cardiomyopathy of giant breed dogs like?

Answer 12

left heart failure or biventricular failure
atrial fibrillation common
sudden death possible

Question 13

what percentage of doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy may die suddenly?

Answer 13

40-50%

Question 14

what percentage of doberman pinschers have dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 14

43-63%

Question 15

what is the average age of boxer cardiomyopathy?

Answer 15

8 years

Question 16

what is boxer cardiomyopathy like?

Answer 16

sustained ventricular tachycardia
VPCs often have left bundle branch pattern
ECG: low voltage, wide QRS, wide P wave

Question 17

what is sudden death in boxer cardiomyopathy due to?

Answer 17

ventricular arrhythmias

Question 18

is sudden death or CHF more likely in boxer cardiomyopathy?

Answer 18

sudden death

Question 19

what is english bulldog arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy like?

Answer 19

rapid ventricular tachycardia of right ventricular origin

Question 20

how many “normal” irish wolfhounds have a cardiovascular abnormality?

Answer 20

up to 50%

Question 21

what can be used to slow progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in irish wolfhounds?

Answer 21

pimobendan

Question 22

what is the average age of english and american cocker spaniel cardiomyopathy?

Answer 22

6-10 years

Question 23

what can you supplement english and american cocker spaniels with cardiomyopathy to maybe improve their clinical case and echo?

Answer 23

taurine
carnitine

Question 24

what happens in juvenile dilated cardiomyopathy in portuguese water dogs?

Answer 24

sudden death and peracute CHF
5 weeks to 3-4 months of age
typical DCM

Question 25

what diets are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 25

high in peas, pea fractions, lentils, chickpeas, sweet potatoes, potatoes or other uncommon sources

Question 26

which chambers are dilated in feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 26

all 4 chambers

Question 27

what signs outside of the heart happen in feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 27

pleural effusion +/- ascites pulmonary edema hepatomegaly

Question 28

is feline dilated cardiomyopathy a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

Answer 28

both systolic and diastolic dysfunction

Question 29

which breeds are more likely to have feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 29

burmese siamese abyssinian

Question 30

what can be found on auscultation in feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 30

soft systolic murmur: mitral, tricuspid, or sternal location gallop (S3) arrhythmia often present

Question 31

what can be seen on thoracic radiographs in feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 31

generalized cardiomegaly, +/- tracheal elevation pleural effusion perihilar interstitial pattern +/- alveolar infiltrates variable vessels +/- enlarged caudal vena cava and liver rarely ascites

Question 32

are most cats with dilated cardiomyopathy taurine deficient?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

how common is equine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 33

uncommon

Question 34

what can be ausculted in equine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 34

cardiac murmur and loud gallop atrial fibrillation in many cases

Question 35

is restrictive cardiomyopathy usually diastolic or systolic dysfunction?

Answer 35

diastolic dysfunction

Question 36

what are the most common pathologic findings with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 36

dilation of all 4 chambers left heart changes may predominate thinning of interventricular septum, left ventricle, and right ventricle walls atrophy of papillary muscles enlarged circumference of AV ring ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion pulmonary edema hepatomegaly

Question 37

what dog breeds commonly get dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 37

large breed doberman boxer cocker spaniel pit bull breeds dalmation portuguese water dog

Question 38

who can have atrial fibrillation with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 38

giant breeds

Question 39

who can get ventricular arrhythmias with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 39

boxers and dobermans

Question 40

who can get APCs with canine dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 40

giant breeds wolfhounds cocker spaniels

Question 41

what is the median survival in english bulldog arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?

Answer 41

4-12 months sudden death common

Question 42

what can be seen on ECG with feline dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 42

sinus rhythm or relative bradycardia P-mitrale left ventricular enlargement pattern ventricular arrhythmias APCs or atrial fibrillation AV block