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Clinical Assessment 1 > Cardiopulmonary > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is the normal pulse rate?

A

60-100 bpm

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2
Q

What are the common sites of peripheral edema?

A

Legs and feet

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3
Q

What is considered a normal ABI reading?

A

1.0 - 1.3

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4
Q

What is apnea?

A

Absence of breathing, often while sleeping

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5
Q

What does an ABI of less than 0.4 tell us?

A

Critical arterial insufficiency

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6
Q

What is the range for Prehypertension?

A

120/80 - 139/89 mmHg

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7
Q

How do you measure blood pressure?

A

millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)

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8
Q

What defines as trace (1+) when assessing pitting edema?

A

Slight indentation, skin rebounds quickly

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9
Q

What defines as moderate (3+) when assessing pitting edema?

A

0.6 - 1.3 cm indentation, skin rebounds in 15-30 seconds

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10
Q

4+ (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Bounding

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11
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Short of breath

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12
Q

How do you assess Blood Pressure?

A

Palpate the brachial artery Apply the deflated cuff Earpieces of the stethoscope in the ears and diaphragm over brachial artery Patient’s arm is supported with brachial artery at heart level Inflate to 180-200 mmHg Listen to first and final Korotkoff sounds Document

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13
Q

What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?

A

Delivers oxygen and nutrients and removes carbon dioxide and other waste products.

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14
Q

What is considered hypothermia?

A

< 95 F (using gold standard rectal temp)

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15
Q

What are the functions of the passageways in the respiratory system?

A

Purify, warm, and humidifies the incoming air

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16
Q

What is the target exercise heart rate?

A

Between 0.6 and 0.8 of HRmax

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17
Q

1+ (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Weak or Diminished (Thready)

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18
Q

What is considered hyperthermia?

A

> 106 (using gold standard rectal temp)

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19
Q

What is the difference between edema and effusion?

A

Edema is observable swelling outside of the joint capsule. Effusion is fluid accumulation within a joint capsule or cavity due to injury or inflammation

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20
Q

How is oxygen saturation measured?

A

It is measured via arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis or pulse oximetry

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21
Q

What does an ABI of less than 0.5 tell us?

A

Severe arterial insufficiency

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22
Q

3+ (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Increased Force

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23
Q

What respiration rate indicates tachypnea?

A

> 20 breaths/min

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24
Q

0 (Pulse Descriptor)

A

Absent

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25
What respiration rate indicates bradypnea?
\< 12 breaths/min
26
2+ (Pulse Descriptor)
Normal
27
What does the Ankle - Brachial Index tell us?
It identifies the presence or severity of impaired arterial blood flow (ischemia) to the extremities.
28
What does an ABI between 0.8 - 1.0 tell us?
Minimal to moderate arterial insufficiency
29
What is rhythm?
Regularity of contractions
30
What is phase 3 of Korotkoff sounds?
Louder crisp beat Application: Undetermined
31
What are the common causes of pitting edema?
Heart disease Kidney and Liver Disease Chronic Venous Insufficiency Deep Vein Thrombosis Immobilization and inactivity
32
What is considered a normal exercise response to blood pressure?
Systolic pressure rises and levels off. Diastolic pressure rises by no more than 10 mmHg
33
What is orthopnea?
Difficulty breathing while lying flat.
34
What pulse rate would indicate bradycardia?
\<60 bpm
35
What defines as severe (4+) when assessing pitting edema?
1.3 - 2.5 cm indentation, skin rebounds in \>30 seconds.
36
What is orthostatic hypotension?
Rapid drop in blood pressure when changing positions
37
What happens to the oxygen saturation curve if we increase in temperature?
The curve shifts up
38
What do you do if you made an error on a blood pressure reading?
Repeat after the patient has rested at least a minute rest
39
What is considered afebrile?
\< 100 F
40
What is force?
Strength of left ventricle contraction. Indicates the volume of blood in the peripheral vessels
41
How do you estimate maximal heart rate?
HRmax = 220 - age or HRmax = 206.9 - (0.67 x age)
42
What device do you use to measure the circumference when assessing edema?
Tape measure
43
What happens to the oxygen saturation curve if we decrease in temperature
The curve shifts down
44
What information would you document for a six minute walk test?
Distance traveled, how many breaks were taken, how many laps, any loss of balance
45
What is phase 5 of Korotkoff sounds?
Sounds cease (last audible sound? Application: Circulation no longer audible, this is the diastolic reading
46
What is considered normal temperature?
98.6 degrees Farenheit (37 C)
47
What is a normal adult respiratory rate?
12-20 breaths per minute
48
What does a \<70% pulse oximeter reading mean?
Life threatening
49
What does a 90-95% pulse oximeter reading mean?
There is a cardiovascular/ pulmonary disease
50
Which is more accurate when reading ABI, the doppler or the stethoscope?
Doppler
51
How is the Ankle - Brachial Index calculated?
ABI = systolic ankle pressure/ systolic arm pressure
52
What is the range for hypotension?
\< 90/60 mmHg
53
What is the range for Stage 2 hypertension?
\> 160/100 mmHg
54
What pulse rate would indicate tachycardia?
\>100 bpm
55
What is phase 2 of Korotkoff sounds?
Softer swishing or murmur sound Application: Undetermined
56
What are the 4 major vital signs?
Pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and temperature
57
What is phase 4 of Korotkoff sounds?
Sound changes from crisp/clear to Application: First level of diastolic pressure
58
What is systolic blood pressure?
Blood pressure when the left ventricle contracts
59
What is defined as a respiratory rate?
Number of times the chest rises and falls in given period of time. Typically in breaths per minute (breaths/min)
60
What is oxygen saturation?
Degree to which hemoglobin is bound to oxygen in circulating blood
61
What structure facilitates the gas exchange between the blood and the external environment?
The alveoli
62
What does an ABI of 0.6-0.8 tell us?
Moderate arterial insufficiency
63
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Sudden dyspnea and orthopnea while sleeping
64
What does the Borg Scale tell us?
Rate of perceived exertion after exercise (from 0 to 10)
65
What is considered normal oxygen saturation?
97-99%
66
What is the range for Stage 1 hypertension?
140/90 - 159/99 mmHg
67
What defines as mild (2+) when assessing pitting edema?
0.0- 0.6 cm indentation, skin rebounds in \<15 seconds
68
What does a 75% - 85% pulse oximeter reading mean?
Cardiac dysrhythmia, presents with confusion
69
What does a \<88% pulse oximeter reading mean?
May require supplemental oxygen
70
What is diastolic blood pressure?
Arterial pressure when the heart is at rest between contractions
71
What is considered febrile
\> 100 F
72
What are the core vital signs collected for every new patient?
Pulse and respiration
73
What is Heart Rate?
Number of times the heart contracts in a period of time, measured in beats per minute.
74
What is the range for normal blood pressure?
90/60 - 119/79 mmHg
75
What is phase 1 of Korotkoff sounds?
First clear tapping sound, may be faint or strong Application: Initial flow of blood resumes through brachial artery

Clinical Assessment 1 (13 decks)

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