Cardiorespiratory Response To Exercise Toe Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is the absolute VO2max (in L/min) for a 65 kg female with a relative VO2max of 50 ml/kg/min?
3.25 L/min
EPOC stands for?
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption
What is the primary neural influence on heart rate under resting conditions in a healthy adult?
Parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)
What is the respiratory muscle metaboreflex?
Sympathetic vasoconstriction in the vasculature of locomotor muscles to shunt blood towards respiratory muscles
Which of the following adaptations related to the respiratory system is most likely to contribute to enhanced aerobic performance?
An increase in respiratory muscle strength
What is the primary reason for the abrupt increase in ventilation known as the Respiratory Compensation Point (RCP) during exercise?
Hyperventilation to eliminate excess carbon dioxide
What is the impact of increased skeletal muscle capillary density due to angiogenesis in response to endurance training?
Increased muscle oxygen diffusion capacity
During a VO2 max test, an athlete reaches their maximal oxygen uptake. What physiological mechanisms are primarily responsible for limiting their ability to consume more oxygen at this point?
Cardiac output and stroke volume
During aerobic exercise, which of the following physiological changes typically occurs in the cardiovascular system to meet the increased oxygen demand?
Elevated heart rate
Which vessels in the vascular system are referred to as ‘resistance vessels’ because they dramatically alter their internal diameter to rapidly regulate blood flow to the periphery?
Arterioles
What are the consequences of exercise-induced increases in blood flow and shear stress on vascular adaptation?
Exercise-induced increases in blood flow and shear stress result in increased eNOS expression, NO bioavailability and endothelial function
Which of the following vessels is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart?
Pulmonary vein
During a bout of strenuous exercise, what factor is primarily responsible for triggering the increase in ventilation (breathing rate and depth) to meet the body’s increased oxygen demand?
Increased blood carbon dioxide (CO2) levels
What term is used to describe the phase during submaximal exercise when oxygen consumption reaches a consistent and relatively stable level?
Steady State
During high-intensity exercise, the body’s demand for oxygen often exceeds its supply, leading to anaerobic metabolism. What respiratory parameter is most directly associated with this transition?
Ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2)
How does O2 extraction fraction change with endurance training?
Increases as a result of improved blood flow distribution
What type of blood vessels have the thinnest walls, allowing for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues?
Capillaries
Which of the following expressions correctly represents the Fick equation for oxygen consumption (VO2)?
VO2 = HR x SV x (Arterial O2 content - Venous O2 content)
What is the primary function of pre-capillary sphincters in the microcirculation of blood vessels?
To control blood flow into capillaries
What does the statement “minute ventilation (Ve) is at 60-85% of a healthy person’s maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) at maximal exercise intensities” imply?
There is a significant breathing reserve during maximal exercise
What is the absolute resting VO2 (in L/min) for a 60 kg female with a resting relative VO2 of 3.5 ml/kg/min?
0.21 L/min
What contributes to the higher cardiac output in highly endurance-trained individuals during exercise?
Higher stroke volume
What mediates the redistribution of blood flow during exercise, directing it away from areas where it is not needed?
Sympathetic nervous system releasing noradrenaline causing vasoconstriction
What is a common finding in cardiac remodelling among elite endurance athletes?
Increase in left ventricular mass.
