cardiovascular

Question 1

what is the stroke volume?

Answer 1

the amount of blood pumped in by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction

Question 2

what is the DYASTOLIC pressure?

Answer 2

when the ventricle relaxes

Question 3

what is SYSTOLIC pressure?

Answer 3

when the ventricle contracts

Question 4

what is bradycardia?

Answer 4

reduction in the resting heartrate below 60bpm, effect of endurance training

Question 5

what is the formula to find the cardiac output?

Answer 5

stroke volume x heartrate

Question 6

what are the components of the blood?

Answer 6

plamsa, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 7

describe the functions of the right atria

Answer 7

blood enters through the vena cava into the right atria then through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

Question 8

what are 3 factors about arteries?

Answer 8

• carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• thick muscular walls (for high blood pressure)
• small lumen

Question 9

what are some features about veins?

Answer 9

• have valves
• thinner muscle
• larger lumen
• carry deoxygenated blood

Question 10

what are some features about arterioles?

Answer 10

thinner walls than arteries, adjust and dilate to allow oxygen to get to working muscles

Question 11

what do venules do?

Answer 11

connect blood leaving capillaries and transport back to veins

Question 12

what are capillaries?

Answer 12

connect vessels to each other, smallest of vessels, very thin walls (one cell thick)

Question 13

why do capillaries surround muscles?

Answer 13

to ensure they get the oxygen needed

Question 14

another word for the inner layer of a vessel?

Answer 14

intima

Question 15

another word for the middle layer of a vessel?

Answer 15

media

Question 16

another word for the outer layer of a vessel?

Answer 16

adventia/ externa

Question 17

what is the function of OXYGEN?

Answer 17

key element for aerobic production of energy

Question 18

what is the function of CARBON DIOXIDE?

Answer 18

product of energy production

Question 19

what is the function of HAEMOGLOBIN?

Answer 19

carries oxygen

Question 20

what is OXYHAEMOGLOBIN?

Answer 20

name given to haeomoglobin when carrying oxygen

Question 21

what is the function of WHITE BLOOD CELLS?

Answer 21

responsible for protecting you from infection and disease

Question 22

what is the function of PLATELETS?

Answer 22

stops the bleeding should you cut yourself

Question 23

what is the function of PLASMA?

Answer 23

fluid that enables other cells to move around the body

Question 24

what is vascular shunting?

Answer 24

distribution of blood around the body

Question 25

what is vasodilation?

Answer 25

when arterioles sense a decrease in oxygen concentration or an increase in acidity due to higher CO2 and lactic acid

Question 26

what is vasiconstriction?

Answer 26

blood flow is restricted and redistributed to areas in greater need

Question 27

what is a precapillary sphincter?

Answer 27

ring shaped muscle which lie at the opening to capillaries

Question 28

what is a vascular shunt?

Answer 28

blood is diverted from certain areas of the body. it moves from organs to working muscles so muscles have enough oxygen to meet demands of activity

Question 29

what is a venous return?

Answer 29

blood that is returned to the right side of the heart the veins

Question 30

what are the short term affects of exercise?

Answer 30

increase in HR, stroke volume and cardiac output (the harder we work the greater they rise)

Question 31

what re the long term affects of exercise?

Answer 31

repeated bouts of exercise that stress the cardiovascular system force it to adapt to these changes, resting heart rate reduced, maximal cardiac output increased