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Physiology > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A

Muscular organ
Bw 2 lungs in mediating
2 atria and 2 ventricle
Ventricle-more thick

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2
Q

SV node on

A

Right atrium

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3
Q

SV node

A

Produce cardiac Impulse
And AV node conduct it to ventricle

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4
Q

2 venacava

A

SVC-venous blood from head,neck and upper limbs
IVC-venous blood from lower parts

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5
Q

Oxygenated blood

A

Arterial blood

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6
Q

Rightside

A

Venous blood(right atrium)-pulmonary artery-lungs-arterial blood(left atrium)

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7
Q

Svvalves in both sides

A

Tricuspid in right side
Bicuspid/mitral valve on left side

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8
Q

Layers of walls of heart

A

Outer pericardium
Middle myocardium
Inner endocardium

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9
Q

Pericardium

A

Outer covering of heart
2 layers-outer fibrous as tunica advertising,protect heart from overstretching

Inner-serous
Made of flattened epithelial cells
Outer parietal pericardium -lines fibrous layer
Inner visceral pericardium/epicardium-lines surface of myocardium

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10
Q

Pericardial space

A

Space bw parietal and visceral

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11
Q

3 muscle fibres inMyocardium

A

-forming contractile unit of the heart
-forming pacemaker that initiate impulse for contraction
-forming conducive system through which impulse are conducted

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12
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner layer
Thin,smooth,glistening membrane
Single layer of endothelial cells

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13
Q

Actions of heart

A

Chronotropic
Inotropic
Dromotropic
Bathmotropic

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14
Q

Actions of heart

A

Chronotropic-Frequency of heart beat or heart rate
Increase or decrease
*Inotropic-force of contraction of heart
+ve increase in force
-ve Decrease in force
*dromotropic-conduction of impulse through heart
+ve increase in velocity
-ve Decrease in velocity
*bathmotropic-excitability of cardiac muscle

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15
Q

Blood vessels

A

Arterial-aorta,arteries, arterioles
Venous-venules,veins,venacavae

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16
Q

Wall of aorta and arteries

A

Tunica adventitia-formed of connective tissue
Tunica media-smooth muscles
Tunica intima-endothelium

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17
Q

Circulation

A

Systemic
Pulmonary

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18
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Greater circulation
Blood-through different blood vessels-aorta,larger arteries,smaller arteries, arterioles-arterioles into capillary-venules smaller veins,larger veins,venacava

Oxygenated or arterial blood from heart to tissues
Deoxygenated or venous blood from tissues to heart

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19
Q

Function of capillaries

A

Exchange of various substances bw blood and tissues
Bcz wall of capillaries is permeable to various substances

20
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Lesser circulation
Right ventricle-pulmonary artery-lungs(diffusion through pulmonary capillary membrane)-pulmonary vein

21
Q

Properties of cardiac muscles

A

Excitability
Rythmicity
Conductivity
Contractility

22
Q

Conductivity property

A

Specialized conductive system that transmit impulsesproduced by SA node transmitted to all parts

23
Q

Conductive system in heart

A

AV node
Bundle of his
Right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fibres

24
Q

SA node. Mode of conduction

A

Situated in right atrium just below the opening of superior venacava
Conducted to AV node by 3 types of internodal fibres
1,anterior
2, middle
3,posterior

25
Q

Way of conduction through conductive system

A

SA node-inernodal fibres-converge at AVn9de and is interdigitated with nodes of AV node-bundle of His arise from AV node -divides into right and left branches-branches on either side of interventricular septum -purkinje fibres spread over all over the ventricular myocardium

26
Q

Contractility property. Affected by which factors

A

Ability of tissue to shorten in length after receiving a stimuli
All or none law

27
Q

All or none law

A

If a certain stimulus is applied, whatever the strength of the stimulus ,
It may respond with maximum response or do not give any response at all

28
Q

Reason why the muscle doesn’t respond in account with all or none law

A

Maybe the strength of stimulus is not adequate

29
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Succession of every coordinated activities which takes place every heartbeat
Each and every heartbeat consists of 2 periods-systolic and diastol
-During systole ,contraction of cardiac muscles and pumping of blood from the heart
-During diastole, relaxation of muscle and filling of blood
These changes repeated on every heartbeat in cyclic manner

30
Q

Division of cardiac cycle

A

Atrial systole and atrial diastole-contraction and relaxation of both atria
Ventricular systole and Ventricular diastole -contraction amd relaxation of both ventricle

31
Q

Duration of cardiac cycle

A

Systole -0.3 sec
Diastole-0.5sec
Total -0.8 sec

32
Q

Relation bw atrial systole and atrial diastole

A

Atrial systole -0.1 sec
Atrial diastole-0.7 sec

Atrial systole during last phase 9f Ventricular diastole
Atrial diastole coincide with Ventricular systole and earlier stages of Ventricular diastole

33
Q

Events of cardiac cycle described by

A

W.r.t atrial systole

34
Q

The events

A

Atrial systole
Isometric contraction period
Ejection period
Protodiastole
Isometric relaxation period
Rapid filling
Slow filling

35
Q

Atrial systole

A

Duration-0.11 sec
Second or last rapid filling phase
Last phase of Ventricular diastole
10% blood is forced into ventricle from atria
Intra atrial pressure increased, intra Ventricular pressure and Ventricular volume slightly ^,

36
Q

Isometric contraction

A

First phase of Ventricular systole
Duration-0.05 sec
Atrioventricular Valve /semilunar valve is closed after atrial systole
Ventricular pressure ^
No change in Ventricular volume and length of muscle fibres
Tension in Ventricular musculature ^

-pressure ^sharply inside the ventricle

37
Q

Ejection period

A

Duration-0.22 sec
Opening of semilunar valve and contraction of ventricle, blood ejected out of each ventricle
2 stages
Rapid-0.13sec (blood ejected rapidly)
Slow-0.09 sec (blood ejected slowly)

38
Q

Protodiastole

A

End of systole and beginning of diastole
Duration-0.04 sec
Ejection of blood cause pressure in aorta and pulmonary artery ^ and that of ventricle drops
Semilunar valves close
No other change

39
Q

Isometric relaxation

A

Duration-0.08 sec
All valves are closed
No change in volume or length of muscle fibre-both ventricle relax
Fal in intra Ventricular pressure

40
Q

Rapid filling

A

70%filling
Duration-0.11 sec
AV valve opens when pressure in atria less than that of ventricle
Sudden rush of blood to ventricle

41
Q

Slow filling

A

Duration-0.19 sec
Also called diastasis
20% filling
Ventricular filling slow after rush of blood from atria

42
Q

Heart sound

A

Mechanical activities during each cardiac cycle produce sounds called heart sound
Produced by
-Blood flow through the chambers
-cardiac muscle
-Valves of heart

43
Q

Heart sounds

A

4 heart sounds are produced
First-lubb
2nd-dubb
3rd -through microphone
4th-inaudible, through phonocarciogram

44
Q

First heart sound

A

Simultaneous closure of AV valve
Produced during isometric contraction period and earlier part of Ejection period

45
Q

2nd heart sound

A

Onset of diastole
Simultaneous closure of both semilunar valve
Sound -short,shaped,low pitched sound

46
Q

3rd heart sound

A

Low pitched
Rapid filling of cardiac cycle
Not heard normally
Children and athletes, heard through stethoscope

47
Q

4th heart sound

A

Produced during atrial systole
Physiological atrial sound
Inaudible sound

Physiology (7 decks)

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