cardiovascular 2 Flashcards
some consequences of high blood pressure are
chronic kidney disease
hypertensive retinopathy
aneurysms
atheroma
peripheral vascular disease
heart failure
causes of hypertension
sodium
smoking
stress
obesity
alchohol
kidney and endocrine disease
drugs
non modifiable risks such as
genetics
age
ethnicity
how do we manage hypertension
diuretics
ace inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blockers
calcium channel blockers
Beta blockers
alpha blockers
clonidine and methyldopa
how does atherosclerosis form
fatty streak forms in the tunica intima
collagen deposition follows and fibrotic cap forms
this leads to a fibrolipid plaque which can be damaged by high BP
and cause thrombosis particularly at bifurcations and results in embolism
what does virchows triad include
the blood
the vessel
blood flow
In which vessels can thrombus cause a serious issue
Narrow vessels such as the coronary arteries
what are signs and symptoms of ACI
discomfort
breathlessnes
lightheadness
clammy
nausea
palpitations
management of acute coronary syndrome
chemical-thrombolysis with drug such as streptokinase
surgery- angioplasty
Stent-
Give examples of classes of drugs that can be used to prevent atherosclerosis
Statins
2. Fibrates
3. Nicotinic acid
4. Ezetimibe
5. Bile acid sequestrates
Name the first line of trematn for atherosclerosis
statins
How do statins work
They hinder the cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl co enzyme A
atherosclerosis can also lead to
peripheral vascular disease
what is peripheral vascular disease also known as
intermittent claudication
What is an aneurysm
A localised permanent abnormal dilation of a blood vessel due to weakening of the blood vessel wall
symptoms of PE
breathlessness
hypoxia
fast heart rate
chest pain- pleuritic
