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Y5: CMS2 > GIT 1 > Flashcards

GIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the gut structure

A

continuous structure from mouth to anus

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2
Q

what is the gut lined with

A

epithelial lining to help with absorption

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3
Q

how is the surface area increased of the gut

A

villi

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4
Q

what does the mucosal gland secrete

A

mucus from the small and large bowel and acid to help absorb nutrients

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5
Q

what runs around the tube

A

layers of muscle which allow for peristaltic waves to push food from one end to another

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6
Q

what is the purpose of the liver

A

produces bile salts and allows for emulsification of fats in diet increasing absorption

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7
Q

where are bile salts stored

A

in the gall bladder and released in response to food

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8
Q

what does the pancreas do

A

breaks down complex molecules increasing absoprtion
also releases secretions into the duodenum
also secretes insulin into the circulation in response to food in the tract

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9
Q

what provides the guts blood supply

A

the mesenteric arteries-branch of the aorta and this flows through the mesenteries

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10
Q

describe the venous drainage of the gut

A

the blood drains from the gut into the portal venous system
liver hepatocytes filter and metabolise drugs, nutrients (vitamins!) before releasing them into the systemic circulation

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11
Q

describe the nerve supply to the gut

A

parasympathetic stimulation promotes gut motility and gut secretion
sympathetic stimulation reduces gut motility and secretion

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12
Q

what signs and symptoms do we get from GIT diseases

A

Nausea and vomiting
Heartburn/epigastric pain
Loss of appetite
Abdominal pain
Unintentional weight loss
Malabsorption
Vitamin deficiency
Anaemia

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13
Q

what is one of the main symptoms we consider in git iSSUES

A

changes in bowel habit
varies from 3 times a day to every 3 days is normal

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14
Q

what other changes can we notice in bowel habits

A

painful BMs
blood/mucus in stool
tenesmus

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15
Q

describe GORD

A

The stomach acid is very low pH and has enzymes in it which can pass up the oesophagus and cause damage

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16
Q

how is the stomach protected by acid

A

goblet cells which produce mucus for protection

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17
Q

how is the oesophagus normally protected from acid

A

the lower oesophagus sphincter
the ring of muscle around the diaphragm

17
Q

how is the oesophagus normally protected from acid

A

the lower oesophagus sphincter
the ring of muscle around the diaphragm

18
Q

what are symptoms of GORD

A

Heartburn
acid reflux
belching
erosion of teeth
inflammation of the pharynx and larynx

19
Q

what are some risk factors of GORD

A

Reduced tone of the lower oesophageal sphincter
increased intra abdominal pressure
decreased stomach pH
increased stomach content

lifestyle
mechanical
drugs

20
Q

how do we manage GORD

A

Address risk factor
neutralise stomach content - eg gaviscon which has bicarbonate which neutralises stomach acid and alginate and has a barrier on the stomach content
surgery to tiger lower oesophageal sphincter

21
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease

A

inflammation of the stomach or the duodenum

22
Q

what is an ulcer defined as

A

a pathological break in epithelial lining

23
Q

what is peptic ulcers caused by

A

by acid and enzymes in the stomach
this can be caused by
stress
steroids
SSRIS
NSAIDs

h pylori

24
Q

what are the symptoms of peptic ulcer symptoms

A

burning in upper abdomen
bloating
heartburn
nausea and vomiting
dark stool
weight loss

25
Q

how do we manage PUD

A

confirm diagnosis-
correct risk factor
increase stomach pH
PPI
eradicate H pylori

26
Q

give examples of inflammatory bowel disease

A

ulcerative colitis
crohns disease
coeliac disease

27
Q

define inflammatory bowel disease

A

a group of conditions characterised by inflammation of the intestine
or
SI
LI
rectum
anus

28
Q

what is inflammatory bowel disease characterised by

A

ulceration
variable thickness
abdominal pain
change in bowel habit
blood loss
anaemia
weight loss-
oral Recurrent apthous stomatitis

29
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease

A

fever
malaise
skin lesions
eye lesions

30
Q

describe ulcerative colitis

A

can affect the left side
the whole colon
protitis
starts at the anus and rectum and extend to the large bowel

31
Q

what reduces the risk of UC

A

smoking

32
Q

describe crohns disease

A

can affect any part of the gut

33
Q

symptoms of crohns

A

abdominal pain
constipation/darrhoea
may lead to fistula formula

34
Q

how do we diagnose between UC and crohns

A

blood tests and endoscopy

35
Q

describe some treatment of IBD

A

steroids-prednisolone
methotrexate
azathioprine
aminosalicates

36
Q

how do we dignaose IBD

A

Endoscopy
biopsy
CT Scan

37
Q

describe coeliac disease

A

autoimmune reaction to gluten
which causes inflammation of the small bowel

38
Q

what are signs and symptoms of coeliac disease

A

abdominal pain
bloating
skin and mouth vesicles
failure to thrive

39
Q

how do we manage coeliac disease

A

GF diet

40
Q

describe IBS

A

it is not inflammatory bowel disease
it is very common

41
Q

what are the symptoms of IBS Q

A

abdominal pain
urgency or straining
worse after eating
bladder symptoms
lethargy
fatigue

Y5: CMS2 (7 decks)

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