Cardiovascular

Question 1

name the series of vessels

Answer 1

Heart, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillary bed, Venules, Veins

Question 2

Base of the heart

Answer 2

top part with great veins

Question 3

Apex of the heart

Answer 3

Pointy part

Question 4

Sternocostal surface of the heart

Answer 4

anterior part of the heart

Question 5

diaphragmatic surface of the heart

Answer 5

postero-inferior surface.

Question 6

Pulmonary surface of the heart

Answer 6

left side of the heart

Question 7

right border of the heart

Answer 7

right side of heart

Question 8

coronary groove of heart

Answer 8

seperates the atriums from the ventricles. Fat filled

Question 9

anterior and posterior interventricular grooves

Answer 9

fat filled and seperates the ventricles

Question 10

Endocardium

Answer 10

simple squamous epithelium termed endothelium. most inner lining

Question 11

myocardium

Answer 11

middle layer full of cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 12

epicardium

Answer 12

serous membrane , outside layer, has two different layers,

Question 13

interatrial septum

Answer 13

seperates the atriums

Question 14

interventricular septum

Answer 14

seperates the ventricles

Question 15

right atrium of the heart

Answer 15

pumps into right ventricles, recieves deoxygenated blood from superior/ inferior vena cava. This is called sinus venarum cavarum.

Question 16

Right auricle of the heart

Answer 16

right blind spot

Question 17

opening of the superior vena cava

Answer 17

blood from the head neck superior limbs and thorax

Question 18

opening of the inferior vena cava

Answer 18

blood from abdomen, pelvis, and inferior limbs

Question 19

opening of the coronary sinus

Answer 19

next to opening of inferior vena cava. returns blood from itself

Question 20

fossa ovalis/ foramen ovale of the heart

Answer 20

interatrial septum pathway

Question 21

intervenous tubercle

Answer 21

endocardial ridge between the openings of the superior and inferior venae cavae

Question 22

pectinate muscles

Answer 22

ridges formed by fasciculi of atrial myocardium located on the inner surfaces of the left and right atria

Question 23

right ventricle of the heart

Answer 23

pumps to the lungs through pulmonary trunk

Question 24

right atrioventricular/ tricuspid valve

Answer 24

has anterior, posterior, septal cusps

Question 25

chordae tendineae

Answer 25

fibrous cords that attach to papillary muscles and leaflets

Question 26

papillary muslces

Answer 26

anchor left and right atrioventricular valves

Question 27

trabeculae carneae

Answer 27

the muscular bundles lining the ventricles

Question 28

trabecula septomarginalis

Answer 28

only in the RA helps with impulse

Question 29

conus arteriosus/infundibulum of the heart

Answer 29

outflow of right ventricle leading into pulmonary trunk

Question 30

valve of the pulmonary trunk/ pulmonary valve

Answer 30

has anterior, left, right, semilunar valvulae

Question 31

left atrium of the heart

Answer 31

receives blood from pulmonary veins.

Question 32

left auricle of the heart

Answer 32

blind ended portion .

Question 33

openings of the pulmonary veins

Answer 33

4 openings that lead into the left atrium

Question 34

left ventricle of the heart

Answer 34

receives blood from the left atrium. pumps blood to body. Very thick tissue

Question 35

left atrioventricular / mitral valve

Answer 35

has anterior, posterior cusps and commissural cusps

Question 36

aortic valve

Answer 36

right, left, posterior semilunar valvulae

Question 37

purkinje fibers

Answer 37

modified cardiac cells that transmit impulse

Question 38

sinoatrial node

Answer 38

determines heart rate

Question 39

atrioventricular node

Answer 39

slows down pulse for .12-.2 of a second

Question 40

atrioventricular bundle

Answer 40

purkinje fibers after the atrioventricular node

Question 41

left and right crura of the atrioventricular bundle

Answer 41

splittings of the atrioventricular bundle

Question 42

pericardium

Answer 42

serous membrane that forms a closed cavity around the heart

Question 43

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Answer 43

layer closest to heart, synonymous with epicardium

Question 44

parietal layer of the serous pericardium

Answer 44

outer layer of pericardium

Question 45

pericardial cavity

Answer 45

space in between the two layers

Question 45

name the 5 major components of the heart

Answer 45

heart, arteries, veins,capillaries, blood

Question 46

6 functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 46

o2/co2 exchange, nutrient/wast exchange, hormone transport, acid base balance, thermoregulation, body defense

Question 47

hepatic portal system

Answer 47

modifies nutrients, detoxifies

Question 48

hypothalamohypophysial portal system

Answer 48

ensures the hormones released from the hypothalamus have a direct shot at the anterior pituatary gland without getting diluted.

Question 49

name the different leucocytes

Answer 49

lymphocyte 30%, monocyte 5%, eosinophil 3%, basophil 1%, neutrophil 60%

Question 50

how many hemoglobins per RBC?

Answer 50

over 280 million

Question 51

average adult has how much blood?

Answer 51

5 liters

Question 52

blood contents

Answer 52

55 % plasma ( fluid) | 45 % formed elements

Question 53

name the different plasma proteins

Answer 53

albumins- osmotic pressure, globulins- immuno proteins, fibrinigen-for blood clotting

Question 54

Erythrocytes

Answer 54

ABOUT 5 MILLION PER CUBIC MILLIMETER ( 5 BILLION / MILLILITER, only live for about 3 months then get phagocytized by cells in the liver , spleen, and bone marrow.

Question 55

how many leucocytes per cubic millimeter of blood?

Answer 55

7000

Question 56

leucocytes are divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes

Answer 56

granulocytes- Basophils, Eosinophils, neutrophils ( G-BEN) | agranulocytes- Monocytes, lymphocytes ( ALM)

Question 57

Thrombocytes

Answer 57

fragments of megakaryocytes and are for the clotting cascade

Question 58

circulatory shock

Answer 58

a drop in blood pressure

Question 59

hypovolemic shock

Answer 59

result of blood loss

Question 60

neurogenic shock

Answer 60

extreme emotional disturbance

Question 61

endotoxic shock

Answer 61

paralysis of precapillary sphincters

Question 62

cardiogenic shock

Answer 62

reduction of the cardiac output

Question 63

what is an electrocardiograph

Answer 63

instrument that measures the electrical activity of the heart. The graph itself is called an electrocardiogram

Question 64

heart block

Answer 64

an impairment of the normal impulse transmission within the heart

Question 65

first degree blcok

Answer 65

prolongation of the A-V conduction time

Question 66

second degree block

Answer 66

some but not all impulses reach the ventricles

Question 67

complete (third degree) A-V block

Answer 67

no atrial impulses reach the ventricles

Question 68

systolic atrial pressure should be

Answer 68

120 mmHG

Question 69

diastolic atrial pressure should be

Answer 69

80 mmHG