NBDE( exam 3 pbl) questions

Question 1

The lesser petrosal nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the?

Answer 1

otic ganglion

Question 2

The superior orbital fissure is located between which structures?

Answer 2

greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone

Question 3

Where is the mandibular foramen is located?

Answer 3

above occlusal plane of mandibular molars and posterior to them

Question 4

The parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion come from which nerve?

Answer 4

greater petrosal nerve of facial nerve

Question 5

What role does the auriculotemporal nerve play in the function of the parotid gland?

Answer 5

supplies both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers

Question 6

Special visceral afferent fibers for taste are conveyed by which cranial nerves?

Answer 6

facial, glossopharyngeal, Vagus( epiglottis and pharynx)

Question 7

The jugular foramen transmits which cranial nerves?

Answer 7

CN, IX,X,XI

Question 8

Which structures passes through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 8

V2

Question 9

Pressure receptors in the carotid sinus are associated with which cranial nerve?

Answer 9

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 10

What happens when the cell body of a neuron is destroyed?

Answer 10

all the fibers degenerate and die

Question 11

What occurs when protrusion of the tongue is attempted with unilateral damage of the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 11

tongue deviates to the side of the damage.

Question 12

When a membrane is depolarized, what happens to its permeability?

Answer 12

it becomes permeable to the passage of ions.

Question 13

What type of fibers does the chorda tympani nerve contain?

Answer 13

preganglionic parasympathetic

Question 14

What effect would a submaximal direct stimulus to a skeletal muscle have

Answer 14

contraction of some fibers

Question 15

Cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in which areas of the spinal chord?

Answer 15

theyre in the lateral horn of the spinal cord between T1-L2 ( remember sympathetic is thoracolumbar, parasympathetic is craniosacral)

Question 16

All Preganglionic autonomic nerve fibers have what in common?

Answer 16

all are cholinergic and directly innervate tissue

Question 17

Where in the autonomic nervous system is norepinephrine stored?

Answer 17

post ganglionic sympathetic nerve endings

Question 18

Sensations from the left face and teeth are interpreted where?

Answer 18

trigeminal nerve

Question 19

The temporomandibular joint capsule is supplied by which cranial nerves?

Answer 19

auriculotemporal and masseteric branches of V3

Question 20

The cell bodies of Preganglionic sympathetic fibers running to the brain are located where?

Answer 20

sympathetic preganglionic fibers are short fibers and are located in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Question 21

The cell bodies of proprioceptive nerves carrying information from the periodontal ligaments are located where?

Answer 21

mesencephalic nucleus of CN V

Question 22

Through which foramina do the terminal branches of the mandibular nerve emerge?

Answer 22

ohphthalmic- superior orbital fissure
maxillary- foramen rotundem
mandibular- foramen ovale

Question 23

Postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion innervate which muscles?

Answer 23

dilator pupillae, ciliary m., superior tarsal m. , inferior tarsal m., orbitalis m.

Question 24

Which nerve enters the pharynx in the gap between the superior and middle constrictors?

Answer 24

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 25

A patient bites the tip of his tongue. The pain that ensues is carried by way of which cranial nerve (s)?

Answer 25

V3

Question 26

The submandibular ganglion is associated with which nerves?

Answer 26

lingual nerve, chorda tympani

Question 27

Which Cranial nerve(s) emerges from the pons?

Answer 27

CN 5-8

Question 28

Lesions to a single side of the spinal cord result in loss of what (below the level of the lesion)?

Answer 28

loss of movement to the injured side, but pain and temperature will be impaired or lost on the opposite side

Question 29

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion travel in nerve(s)?

Answer 29

greater petrosal nerve

Question 30

A patents gingival swelling will elicit sensations of pain that will travel via which nerve(s)?

Answer 30

buccal nerve of V3

Question 31

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic components?

Answer 31

3,7,9,10

Question 32

Which of the following nerve(s) travels from the carotid triangle into the submandibular triangle of the neck?

Answer 32

hypoglossal nerve

Question 33

Intelligence and sensory-motor function of your patient appear to be intact However, the patient lacks self-discipline and has exhibited anti-social behavior. He is unable to plan for the future or to organize behaviors into sequences:

Answer 33

Frontal lobe (ANSWER)—conscious thought; damage can result in mood changes, social differences, etc. The frontal lobes are the most uniquely human of all the brain structures.

Question 34

. If the patient’s sensation of clogged ears is due to pressure of the auditory tubes. Which nerve is providing this sensory innervation?

Answer 34

glossopharyngeal

Question 35

Which nerve innervates the inferior buccal mucosa of the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 35

V3

Question 36

Cell bodies of sympathetic fibers in the nerve of the pterygoid canal originate where?

Answer 36

superior cervical ganglion(The SCG is the only ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system that innervates the head and neck).

Question 37

Which cranial nerves are associated with the cavernous sinus?

Answer 37

``` (O TOM CAT) otom, oculomotor, trochlear, opthalmic maxillary ```

Question 38

Which nerve innervates the taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Answer 38

chorda tympani of the facial nerve

Question 39

A deviation of the tongue, when protruded, away from the midline results from damage to which cranial nerve?

Answer 39

hypoglossal

Question 40

Which CN leaves the cranium by way of the jugular foramen?

Answer 40

CN IX, X, XI

Question 41

Difficulty in raising the shoulder might be the result of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

Answer 41

accessory(XI), This is in charge of the SCM and trapezius

Question 42

When biting down rapidly on an unexpected hard surface while chewing. Cessation of motor unit recruitment in jaw closing muscles is caused by stimulation of which receptors?

Answer 42

periodontal mechanoreceptors

Question 43

How is the resting potential of a nerve membrane maintained?

Answer 43

potassium ions diffuse out of the cell at a much faster rate that sodium is pumped in leaving a negative resting potential???? ( look this one up theres more to it)

Question 44

How do we accommodate for near vision?

Answer 44

constriction of pupils, convergence of eyeballs, and cotraction of ciliary m

Question 45

Which reflex(s) are mediated by the medulla oblongata?

Answer 45

respiration, cardiac center, vasomotor center, relfex centers of vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing

Question 46

After a right side radical mastoid operation, a patient has facial distortion and the mouth is drawn upward to the left. He is unable to close his right eye. Saliva tends to accumulate in his right cheek and dribble out of the corner of his mouth. Which nerve is MOST was likely damaged during the operation?

Answer 46

facial

Question 47

The spinal cord is the only structure in the central nervous system necessary for which body functions?

Answer 47

simple reflex

Question 48

Where are Cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?

Answer 48

lateral horns of thoracolumbar region.

Question 49

The intracellular, "second" messenger for many peptide and polypeptide hormones is?

Answer 49

cAMP

Question 50

What effect does alkalosis or acidosis have on neuronal excitability?

Answer 50

alkalosis- greatly increases neuronal excitablity | acidosi- greatly depresses neuronal activity

Question 51

Why when an impulse is carried by a chain of two or more neurons, is the total transmission time greater than the sum of the transmission times for each neuron?

Answer 51

??

Question 52

Spatial summation results from the?

Answer 52

Summing simultaneous postsynaptic potentials by activating multiple terminals on widely spaced areas of the neuronal membrane.

Question 53

In which area of the spinal cord are the Cell bodies of the somatic motor system located?

Answer 53

afferent-dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve | efferent- anterior gray column of spinal cord

Question 54

Two-point discrimination requires that two sensory receptors be?

Answer 54

innervated by 2 different axons

Question 55

What is the size and characteristic of the nerve fibers that conduct sensory input of pain from the oral-facial region?

Answer 55

small in diameter and un myelinated

Question 56

If the spinal tract of the fifth cranial nerve were sectioned at the level of the caudal medulla, which modalities would be most affected?

Answer 56

pain from ipsilateral side of face

Question 57

The primary sensory neuron’s nucleus of termination involved in pain from the maxillary second molar is located where?

Answer 57

spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve

Question 58

Pain fibers from the posterior third of the tongue travel with which cranial nerve?

Answer 58

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 59

Pain, touch, temperature and proprioceptive modalities for the temporomandibular joint are carried by way of which nerve?

Answer 59

auriculotemporal nerve in the capsule and periphery of the disk

Question 60

Through which tracts in the spinal cord are Sensations of Pain and Temperature carried?

Answer 60

lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 61

In the Pain Gate Theory (Pain), a controller system modulates sensory input so that there is a selective and integrative action occurring before impulses reach the first synapse for onward transmission. The gate controller in this system is?

Answer 61

substantia gelatinosa

Question 62

Where are the cell bodies of pain fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 62

superior and inferior petrous ganglia

Question 63

The nerve of the pterygoid canal contains which type of fibers?

Answer 63

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from greater petrosal nerve of facial nerve, sympathetic fibers from deep petrosal from superior cervical ganglion.

Question 64

The cell body of the efferent (motor) neuron of a spinal reflex arc is located where?

Answer 64

The anterior gray column (ventral horn) of the spinal cord

Question 65

The sensory receptors serving the stretch reflex are classified as what type receptor?

Answer 65

Muscle spindles: Mechanoreceptors

Question 66

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

Answer 66

Muscular coordination

Question 67

Which sensory organ are most concerned with maintenance of skeletal muscle tonus?

Answer 67

NBDE: Muscle spindles

Question 68

The tone of the masseter muscle is maintained which reflex?

Answer 68

Stretch reflex

Question 69

How might the frequency of impulse activity in the afferent nerve from a muscle spindle be increased?

Answer 69

Increased activity in gamma-efferent fibers AND passive stretch of the muscle

Question 70

Which reflexes are considered monosynaptic?

Answer 70

The knee-jerk reflex action is an example of a monosynaptic. Stretch Reflex, Knee Jerk Reflex

Question 71

The process by which extensor muscles acting at a particular joint are inhibited by stretch of the flexor muscle acting at the same joint is called what?

Answer 71

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 72

The annulospiral (primary) ending of the skeletal muscle spindle is stimulated by?

Answer 72

muscle is stretched

Question 73

Sectioning of the pyramidal tracts would produces loss of what function?

Answer 73

Innervation from the pyramidal tract. This means that they get information only from fibers on the opposite side of the brain. Therefore, a unilateral upper motor neuron lesion could cause a unilateral facial droop or problems with tongue protrusion on the opposite side of the body.

Question 74

What is the major center in the brain responsible for regulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Answer 74

hypothalamus

Question 75

The cerebellar cortex is characterized histologically by which types of cells?

Answer 75

Purkinje

Question 76

Emotional feelings are MOST closely related to which area of the brain?

Answer 76

Limbic system

Question 77

Cell bodies of the somatic motor system lie in which location relative to the spinal cord?

Answer 77

Ventral horn

Question 78

Glutamate decarboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA}, is unique to what tissue type?

Answer 78

nervous tissue

Question 79

Discrete motor activity of the hand is dependent on which cortical area?

Answer 79

Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 80

80. Where is the visual center of the cerebral cortex located?

Answer 80

Occipital lobe

Question 81

Which area of the cerebral cortex is concerned with the recognition of painful stimuli from the teeth?

Answer 81

Postcentral Gyrus

Question 82

Which center of the brain regulates body temperature?

Answer 82

Hypothalamus

Question 83

What is the most important output pathway (tract) from the motor cortex?

Answer 83

corticospinal tract aka pyramidal tract

Question 84

Most of the fibers ascending to or descending from the cerebral cortex traverse which white matter structure?

Answer 84

Internal capsule

Question 85

The large mass of gray matter that bulges into the floor and the lateral aspect of the lateral ventricle is the?

Answer 85

caudate nucleus

Question 86

The major tract connecting right and left cerebral hemispheres is the?

Answer 86

Corpus Callosum

Question 87

The jaw jerk reflex is an example of which type of reflex?

Answer 87

Stretch Reflex

Question 88

The subliminal fringe of a motor neuron pool is a useful concept in explaining the phenomenon referred to as?

Answer 88

central facilitation. ( see drive for explanation)

Question 89

What is associated with damage to Wernicke’s area?

Answer 89

a person might hear perfectly well and even recognize different words but still be unable to arrange these words into a coherent thought.

Question 90

What is associated with damage to Broca’s area?

Answer 90

People with damage to Brocas area can understand speech but cannot produce speech.

Question 91

. Which cranial nerve is involved in both salivation and lacrimation?

Answer 91

Facial Nerve (Vll), These are GVE motor neurons.

Question 92

What type of fibers do the spinal nerves [skeletal nerves] carry?

Answer 92

Spinal nerves consist of sensory and motor neural fibers. Sensory (afferent) fibers enter the spinal cord dorsally while motor (efferent) fibers exit the spinal cord ventrally.

Question 93

What are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

Answer 93

rigidity of certain muscle groups, tremors when no voluntary movement is under way, and difficulty initiating movement. Parkinson's is caused by a loss of dopamine secreting fibers (especially substantia nigra).

Question 94

What is the Inferior tip of the postcentral gyrus responsible for?

Answer 94

Face, lips, teeth, gums, jaw, tongue, pharynx, intra abdominal muscles. Somatosensory area I lies in the postcentral gyrus