Cardiovascular Flashcards by Erin Timmoney

Short PR interval and delta waves

Wolf Parkinson white Syndrome

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VT in unstable patients with a low systolic bp what next?

DC cardioversion (up to 3 times) then amiodarone

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Abnormal ECG, chronic renal failure–> hyperkalemia. What drug?

Calcium Chloride

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U waves

Hypokalemia

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Asymmetrical pulse and excruciating pain

Aortic Dissection

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Tapping apex beat, loud first heart sound, rumbling mid diastolic murmur at apex

Mitral Stenosis

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Narrow pulse pressure, heaving and undisplaced apex beat, soft second heart sound and ejection systolic murmur hear in aortic area and radiating to carotids

Aortic Stenosis

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Low voltage QRS complex are caused by…

Hypothyroidism, COPD, increased haemocrit

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Coarctation of the aorta

Turner’s Syndrome

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Aortic root dilatation (causing aortic regurgitation), mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation

Marfan’s syndrome

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Deficiency of app B-100

accumulation of cholesterol

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Widened QRS complex

Hyperkalaemia

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Raised J waves

Hypothermia

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Shortened QT interval

Hypercalaemia

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Prolonged QT interval

Hypocalaemia

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Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relived by sitting up and leaning forward

Pericarditis

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Irregularly irregular pulse

Atrial Fibrillation

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ECG saw tooth baseline and 150bpm

Atrial Flutter

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Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion
ABCD

Pulmonary oedema

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Raised JVP/hepatojugular

Right sided heart failure

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Sense of impending doom

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Saddle shaped ST elevation

Pericarditis

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Broad complex tachycardia

Ventricular problem

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Mid diastolic murmur with tapping undisplaced apex, loud first heart sound

Mitral Stenosis

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Borad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

Wolff- Parkinson-White Syndrome

Tall, tented T waves (and wide QRS)

Hyperkalaemia

Blurred yellowing vision headache

Digoxin Toxicity

Janeway lesions/ Olser's nodes

Subacte bacterial endocarditis

Continous Machine like heart murmur

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Rib Notching on CXR

Coarctation of the aorta

Crescendo decrescendo murmur

Aortic Stenosis

Diminished absent lower limb pulses

Coarctation of the aorta

MRS ASS

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic, Aortic Stenosis Systolic

Recurrent paroxysmal AF complication

Pulmonary oedema

Bilateral pitting oedema on CXR, Persistent hypoxia despite inspired 02 conc >40%, poor lung compliance, not cardiac failure, normal oncotic pressure

ARDS

A patient with systolic bp of 90 or less, pulse rate 100-150 and either in shock, syncope, MI or heart failure...what treatment?

DC Cardioversion up to 3 times then given Amiodarone

Heart sound that sounds similar to mitral regurgitation in character but does not intensify on inspiration

VSD

Slow rising pulse

Aortic Stenosis

V waves

Tricuspid regurgitation

What is a serious complication of mitral stenosis?

Acute Pulmonary oedema and chronic heart failure

Loop diuretic

Patient being treated with large doses of loop diuretics required add on for oedema refractory to treatment

Add a thiazide diuretic because of the synergistic mechanism

A drug which can be shown to decrease long term mortality when prescribed to a patient already on a list of drugs

Spironolactone

Patient with chronic heart failure and severe pulmonary oedema

100% O2, IV diamorphine, IV frusemide, sublingual GTN

Mild left ventricular dysfunction should be treated principally with_____ However if shortness of breath and ankle oedema are not controlled then the added drug should be _____

ACE___An oral loop diuretic

Prior to DC elective cardioversion, what drugs should be given and for how long?

Digoxin and warfarin for a month

Patient is severely compromised with acute persistent AF, what drug treatment?

Immediate DC cardio shock

Drug of choice to treat VT

IV Amiodarone

Drug used in the diagnosis of unidentified arrthymias

Adenosine

What is the difference in shunting of blood in a cyanotic defect and an Acyanotic defect and give an example of each?

Acyanotic- left to right shunting: Aortic Stenosis and pulmonary stenosis Cyanotic: right to left shunting: Fallot's Tetralogy

Hypertension mono therapy for patients >55years and black of any age

Ca channel antagonist

Hypertension mono therapy for <55years

ACE

What drug should never be given to pregnant women or women of child bearing age?

ACE Inhibitors

What is a suitable combination therapy for hypertension?

ACE, Ca antagonist and Thiazide

What organism causes IE and what valves are affected?

Staph Aureus, Mitral or aortic in normal people Tricuspid in IV drug users

What is the most common bacteraemic cause of IE?

Staph viridans

Young woman with hypertension, hypokaelmia and metabolic alkalosis

Conn's syndrome

Weight gain, muscle loss, hirtuism, hypertension and pedal oedema

excessive glucose levels....Cushing's syndrome

Severe hypertension with Acute end organ failure

Malignant hypertension

Most common cause of secondary hypertension

Renal disease

Collapsing pulse with sharp upstroke and wide pulse pressure and inaudible 2nd heart sound

aortic regurgitation

What is the common final pathway to platelet aggregation?

GP IIb/IIIa

Treatment for symptomatic patients with mitral stenosis with a valve which is non calcified and mobile

Balloon valvuloplasty

Bifid P waves

Left atrial hypertrophy

Absent P waves

Atrial fibrillation

Hyperthyrodism

Atrial fibrillation

Hypothyroidism

Bradycardia

Early opening snap in diastole

Mitral stenosis

Mid systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur

Mitral valve prolapse

Ejection systolic murmur

Pulmonary Stenosis

Slate grey rash that was worsened on prolonged holiday abroad. What drug caused this?

Amiodarone | photo sensitivity also: Bendroflumethiazide

Drug which has severe muscle pain as side effect

STATIN

Persistent ST elevation on ECG and previous history of MI

Left ventricular aneurysm

Retinal haemorrhages caused by immune complex vasculitis and bacterial endocarditis

Roth's spots

Abnormal flushing and blanching of the nail bed

Quinche's sign: may be a sign of aortic insufficiency

Painful nodules found on pulp of terminal phalanges of fingers and toes Painless and non tender lesions on the hands and feet

Osler's nodes Janeway lesions

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(76 cards)