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GI Flashcards

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1
Q

Atypical lymphocytes, Intraepithelial involvement, endoscopic appearance of thickened folds and ulceration

A

Lymphomatous

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2
Q

Purple, plaque like lesion in fundus, slit like vascular spaces with spindle fibres. HIV positive

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

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3
Q

hypopigmented patches over dorsum, weight loss, loose stools, ogliomenorrhoea, tachycardiac and fine tremor

A

Thyrotoxicosis

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4
Q

Weight loss and polydipsia

A

Type 1 diabetes

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5
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome

A

Flush

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6
Q

Urinary frequency and dysparenuria complications

A

IBS

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7
Q

Postive Murphy’s sign

A

cholecystitis

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8
Q

severe epigastric pain radiating to back, alcohol and gallstones involved

A

Acute pancreatitis

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9
Q

Sharp left loin and LUQ pain radiating to the groin

A

Renal colic

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10
Q

colicky central abdomen pain and bile stained vomit

A

Small bowel obstruction

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11
Q

Epigastric pain worse at night, relived by eating and or drinking milk

A

Duodenal ulcer

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12
Q

Epigastric pain worse when eating

A

Gastric ulcer

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13
Q

air under diaphragm on chest radiograph

A

Perforated Duodenal ulcer

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14
Q

Aphtmous ulcers in mouth, mass in RIF, vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Crohn’s Disease

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15
Q

On treatment for TB, abdominal pain, malaise and jaundice

A

Hepatitis

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16
Q

Expansive and pulsatile mass

A

AAA

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17
Q

Right sided carcinoma of caecum

A

Weight loss and anaemia

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18
Q

Left sided carcinoma of sigmoid/colon

A

Change in bowel habit and bleeding PR

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19
Q

Patient over 40 presenting with acute appendicitis

A

Caecal carcinoma

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20
Q

Middle aged woman, increased menstrual bleeding, mass in lower middle quadrant which is not palpable.

A

Fibroids

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21
Q

Thick walled, rounded, fluid filled mass adjacent to the pancreas

A

Pancreatic Pseudocysts

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22
Q

Swelling of left supraclavicular node (Virchow’s node)

A

suggestive of intra abdominal mass malignancy. Gastric carcinoma.

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23
Q

Dysphagia for solids and liquids with tapering and weight loss

A

Oesophageal achalasia

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24
Q

“lump in throat” but no abnormality found

A

Globus Hystericus

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25
Flaccid fasciculating tongue
Nerve XII involvement
26
signet ring
Adenocarcinoma
27
Recurrent orogenital ulceration, ocular disease with joint pain
Behcet's disease
28
How to treat hyperventilation
Rebreathing or sedation with benzodiazepine
29
1st step management in diabetic ketoacidosis
IV rehydration with normal saline
30
Aged 30-40, gradually progressive dysphagia over the years, regurgitation of partially digested food, halitosis (bad breath) and coughing
Achalasia of the oesophagus
31
What are the 3 classic phases of gastric acid secretion?
Cephalic: triggered by smell, site, thought and taste before it enters the mouth Gastric:initiated by presence of food in the stomach Intestinal: presence of amino acid and food in the stomach
32
The 3 factors which inhibit gastric acid
Somatostatin Secretin Cholestysokinin
33
Gingival Hypertrophy--> Gingivectomy/biting on own gums
Side effect of Ca Channel Blockers or phenytoin
34
Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)
Achalasia; if in lower GI imagining is a sign of bowel obstruction
35
Grey Turner's (lumbar redness) and Cullen's sign (umbilical redness) positive
acute pancreatitis
36
Mneumonic for causes of acute pancreatitis
``` GET SMASHED Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion stings/bites Hyperlipideaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalaemia ERCP Drugs ```
37
Murphy's sign positive
Cholecystitis
38
Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain
biliary obstruction
39
Abdominal disension, caput medusae, shifting dullness
Portal hypertension and ascites
40
Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
Crohn's/UC
41
Tickling bowel sounds
bowel obstruction
42
Vesicular rash and weight loss
Coeliac disease
43
Virchow's node (lefts supraclavicular)
gastric cancer
44
Urea breath test
H pylori
45
C breath test
bacterial overgrowth
46
"Rice water" like stools
Vibrio Cholera
47
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Presence of anti mitochondrial antibodies
48
Autoimmune hepatitis
Presence of Anti Smooth Muscle antibodies
49
Alpha Feto protein assay
hepatocellular carcinoma (or terratoma)
50
Cobblestone mucosa--> indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa
Crohn's disease
51
Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)
Spironolcatone
52
Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
Diffuse oesphageal spasm
53
Severe Abdominal pain and Disention after raw milk
Campylobacter
54
Russel's sign
self induced vomiting
55
Mallory's hyaline bodies
Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
56
Crypt abscess/cryptitis
IB Crohn's
57
Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
58
Signet ring cells seen on biopsy
Linitis Plastica- diffuse stomach cancer
59
Thumb printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure
Ischaemic colitis
60
Charcot's Triad
Acute cholangitis ie fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis
61
Causes for abdominal mass
A: Chemical AAA | Crohn's, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abscess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy
62
Causes for bowel obstruction
``` BATH VIPS Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvolus Intersussception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture ```
63
An important medical emergency in cancer patients
Hypercalaemia
64
Extra intestinal clinical features associated with IBD?
sacrolitis, conjunctivitis, erythema nodosum, finger clubbing, primary sclerosing cholangitis
65
Colicky central abdominal pain, rapidly followed by production of copious bile-stained vomitus. Later on, can't open bowels.
Small bowel obstruction
66
Colicky central abdominal pain with faeculent vomiting later on. First sign is can't open bowels.
Large bowel obstruction
67
Helicopter pylori postive
Duodenal ulcer
68
Air under diaphragm
Perforated viscus
69
Low iron, vitamin B12 and folate
Small bowel disease leading to malabsorption
70
Weight loss, diarrhoea, vomiting, aphthous ulcers in the mouth and a mass is palpable in the right iliac fossa. Blood tests reveal low serum vitamin B12 and folate
Crohn's disease
71
Positive Troisier’s sign
Same as Virchow's node therefore gastric carcinoma
72
Over 40 and presenting with acute appendicitis. Severe microcytic anaemia, the mass is firm, irregular and 4 cm in diameter. Lower edge is palpable
Caecal carcinoma
73
Tender upper abdominal mass. CT shows a thick-walled, rounded, fluid-filled mass adjacent to the pancreas.
Pancreatic pseudocyst
74
Causes of CLUBBING
``` Cyanotic heart disease Lung disease (ABCDEF)  - Abscess  - Bronchiectasis  - Cystic Fibrosis  - Don’t say COPD  - Empyema  - Fibrosis Ulcerative Collitis + Crohn's disease Biliary cirrhosis Birth Defects Infective endocarditis Neoplasms (e.g. lung cancer or mesothelioma) Gastrointestinal malabsorption (Coeliac disease) ```
75
weight loss, fever and right upper quadrant pain. On examination, a hard, irregular liver can be felt on palpation. Serum AFP is grossly elevated!!
Hepatocellular carcinoma
76
Middle aged male, "Bronze diabetes" with raised serum iron and ferritin
Haemochromatosis
77
Spider naevi, gynaeco- mastia, testicular atrophy, Dupuytren’s contracture, palmar erythema, parotid enlargement, clubbing and leukonychia.
Chronic Liver disease
78
Slit-lamp examination reveals a greenish-brown ring at the corneoscleral junction
Wilson's disease
79
Signs of chronic liver disease with a history of early onset pulmonary emphysema, predominantly affecting lung bases. Can be non smoker.
alpha-Antitrypsin deficiency
80
Diarrhoea with palpitations and a regular pulse
Thyroxitcosis
81
Abdominal pain, weight loss, fatty stools, extremely uncomfortable itchy blisters on her knees and elbows.
Coeliac disease
82
weight loss, Lanugo hair, mild hypokalaemia
Anorexia nervosa
83
Treatment for achalasia
First-line treatment involves endoscopic balloon dilatation of the sphincter. Surgical treatment involves dividing the muscle at the lower end of the oesophagus – known as a Heller’s cardiomyotomy.
84
Constipation, bleeding PR, Buccal pigmentation
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (benign hamartomatous polyps- autosomal dominant)
85
Squamous to columnar epithelium intestinal metaplasia
Barrett's oesophagus
86
Risk factor for Pernicious anaemia
A condition characterised by atrophy of gastric mucosa and lack of intrinsic factor. Is a risk factor for gastric carcinoma
87
Treatment for Pseudomembranous colitis
Metronidazole
88
Presence of Anti-endomysial antibodies (serum IgA)
Coeliac disease
89
Recurrent cholangitis and UC
Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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