Cardiovascular

Question 1

Layers of the heart

Answer 1

Fibrous pericardium
Parieral serous pericardium
Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium)

Question 2

Pericardiocentesis

Answer 2

Needle inserted via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly, aspirating continuously

Question 3

Space within the pericardial cavity used by cardiac surgeons to isolate the great vessels

Answer 3

Transverse pericardial sinus

Question 4

Surfaces of the heart

Answer 4

Anterior (sternocostal)
Base (posterior)
Inferior (diaphragmatic)

Question 5

Borders of the heart

Answer 5

Right border
Left border
Inferior border

Question 6

Left anterior descending artery travels in

Answer 6

Anterior interventricular groove

Question 7

Right coronary artery travels in

Answer 7

Coronary groove

Question 8

Coronary sinus travels in

Answer 8

Atrioventricular groove

Question 9

Posterior interventricular artery travels in

Answer 9

Posterior interventricular groove

Question 10

Cusps of the tricuspid valve

Answer 10

Anterior, posterior and septal cusps

Question 11

Pulmonary valve

Answer 11

Anterior, right and left cusps

Question 12

Aortic valve

Answer 12

Right, left and posterior cusps

Also has sinuses

Question 13

Mitral valve

Answer 13

Anterior and posterior cusps

Question 14

Carries fibre of right bundle branch to papillary muscle of anterior cusp

Answer 14

Moderator band

Question 15

Auscultation area of aortic valve

Answer 15

2nd right intercostal space sternal edge

Question 16

Auscultation of pulmonary valve

Answer 16

2nd left intercostal space sternal edge

Question 17

Auscultation area of tricuspid valve

Answer 17

4th left intercostal space sternal edge

Question 18

Auscultation of mitral valve

Answer 18

5th left intercostal space midclavicular line

Question 19

Vertebral level exit of sympathetic nerves

Answer 19

T1-L2/L3

Question 20

Cardiac plexus

Answer 20

Sympathetic fibres
Parasympathetic fibres
Visceral afferent fibres

Question 21

Somatomotor APs originate from

Answer 21

Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 22

Somatosensory APs originate from

Answer 22

postcentral gyrus od parietal lobe

Question 23

Common sites of atherosclerosis

Answer 23

LAD
Right coronary artery
Circumflex branch
Left coronary artery

Question 24

Vessels used in CABG

Answer 24

Radial artery
Great saphenous vein
Internal thoracic artery

Question 25

Transverse thoracic plane

Answer 25

Between sternal angle and T4/T5 intervertebral disc

Question 26

Branches from the thoracic aorta's anterior surface (5)

Answer 26

``` Bronchial arteries Oesophageal arteries Mediastinal arteries Pericardial arteries Phrenic arteries ```

Question 27

Position of bifurcation of the common carotid artery

Answer 27

Anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle at level of superior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 28

Position of brachial artery

Answer 28

Medial to biceps brachii tendon in the cubital fossa

Question 29

Position of radial artery

Answer 29

Lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Question 30

Position of femoral artery

Answer 30

Inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament

Question 31

Position of Popliteal artery

Answer 31

In popliteal fossa

Question 32

Position of posterior tibial artery

Answer 32

Between posterior border of the medial mallelous and the achilles tendon

Question 33

Position of dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 33

Medial to tendon of extensor hallicus longus on the dorsum of the foot