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First Year Anatomy (non-diagram) > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis (close)
Masseter (close)
Lateral pterygoid (open)
Medial pterygoid (close)

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2
Q

Nerve supply of the muscles of mastication

A

CNV3

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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3
Q

Function of superior cavity of TMJ

A

Tanslation

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4
Q

Function of inferior cavity of TMJ

A

Rotation

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5
Q

Course of CNV3

A

From Pons
Through foramen ovale
To muscle of mastication and sensory area

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6
Q

Types of fibres in CNV3

A

Sensory and motor fibres

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7
Q

Innervation of posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

Taste and general sensation

CNIX

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8
Q

Innervation of anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

Taste CNVII

General sensory CNV3

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9
Q

Types of fibre in CN7

A

Special sensory
Sensory
Motor
Parasympathetic

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10
Q

Course of CN7

A

From pontomedullary junction
Through temporal bone vie internal acoustic meatus then stylomastoid foramen
To anterior tongue, muscles of facial expression and glands in the floor of the mouth

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11
Q

Connects CNVII to the lingual nerve (CNV3)

A

Chorda tympani

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12
Q

Innervation of sublingual and submandibular salivary gland

A

CNVII

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13
Q

Innervation of superior half of oral cavity

A

CNV2

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14
Q

Innervation of inferior half of oral cavity

A

CNV3

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15
Q

Innervation of sensory part of gag reflex

A

CNIX

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16
Q

Innervation of motor part of gag reflex

A

CNIX and CNX

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17
Q

Local anaesthetic for endoscope blocks action potential in which nerves?

A

CNV2, CNV3, CNVII, CNIX

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18
Q

Course of CNV2

A

From pons
Through foramen rotundum
To sensory area (mid-face)

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19
Q

Types of fibres in CNV2

A

Sensory fibres

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20
Q

Types of fibres in CNIX

A

Special sensory, sensory, motor, visceral afferent, parasympathetic

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21
Q

Course of CNIX

A

From medulla
Through jugular foramen
To posterior wall of oropharynx, parotid gland, post. 1/3rd of the tongue

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22
Q

Parotid gland

A

Crosses the face and secretes into mouth opposite upper 2nd molar

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23
Q

Submandibular gland

A

Enters floor of mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle

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24
Q

Sublingual gland

A

Lays in floor of mouth and secretes via several ducts superiorly

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25
Innervation of parotid gland
CNIX
26
Innervation of submandibular gland
CNVII
27
Innervation of sublingual gland
CNVII
28
Innervation of the tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)
CNXII
29
Type of fibres in CNXII
Motor
30
Course of CNXII
From medulla Through hypoglossal canal To extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
31
Innervation of the circular constrictor muscles of the pharynx
CNX
32
Innervation of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
CNIX and CNX` (mainly)
33
Innervation of orbicularis oris
CNVII
34
Nerve supply to oesophagus
Oesophageal plexus
35
Constrictions of the oesophagus
Cervical constriction by criciopharyngeus muscle Thoracic constrictions by arch of aorta and left main bronchus Diaphragmatic constriction from passing through diaphragm
36
Foregut
Oesophagus to mid-duodenum Liver + gall bladder Spleen 1/2 of pancreas
37
Midgut
Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon | 1/2 of pancreas
38
Hindgut
Distal 1/3rd of transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of anal canal
39
Intraperitoneal organs
``` Liver + gall bladder Stomach Spleen 1st part of the duodenum Jejunum Ileum Caecum Transverse colon Sigmoid colon ```
40
Retroperitoneal organs
``` Kidneys Adrenal gland Pancreas Ascending colon Descending colon 2nd-4th part of duodenum ```
41
Area of communication between greater and lesser sac
Omental foramen (of winslow)
42
Peritoneal ligaments
Hepatogastric ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Splenorenal ligament
43
Placement of needle in paracentesis and the vessel that it avoids
Placed lateral to the rectus sheath | Avoids inferior epigastric artery
44
Origin of inferior epigastric artery
Arises from external iliac artery medial to the deep inguinal ring
45
Route of sympathetic nerves from CNS to abdominal organs (5)
1) Leave spinal cord between T5 and L2 2) Enter sympathetic chains 3) Leave sympathetic chains within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves 4) Synapse at prevertebral ganglia anterior to the aorta 5) Take part in periarterial plexuses towards organs
46
Route of sympathetic nerve fibres for adrenal gland from CNS to abdominal organs
1) Leave spinal cord at T10-L1 2) Enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves 3) Carried with periarterial plexuses to adrenal gland 4) Synapse directly onto cells
47
Route of parasympathetic nerves from CNS to abdominal organs (vagus) (3)
1) Presynaptic fibres enter abdominal cavity on surface of oesophagus 2) Travel into periarterial plexuses 3) Synapse on ganglia on walls of organs
48
Route of parasympathetic nerves from CNS to abdominal organs (pelvic splanchnic nerves)
1) S2, 3 and 4 exit spinal cord to innervate smooth muscle/ glands of descending colon to anal canal
49
Entry level of foregut structure to spinal cord
T6-T9
50
Entry level of midgut structures to spinal cord
T8-T12
51
Entry level of hindgut structure to spinal cord
T10-L2
52
Thoracoabdominal nerves
7th-11th intercostal nerves
53
Abdominal body wall nerves
``` Thoracoabdominal nerves Subcostal nerve (T12 anterior ramus) Iliohypogastric nerve (Half of L1 anterior ramus) Ilioinguinal nerve (half of L1 anterior ramus) ```
54
Entry level of visceral afferents from appendix)
T8-T10
55
Liver is protected by which ribs
7-11
56
How many veins do the hepatic veins from the liver come together as before entering the IVC
3
57
Level of exit of coeliac trunk from abdominal aorta
T12
58
Spleen is protected by which ribs
9-11
59
Which sac are the hepatorenal and sub-phrenic recesses located within
Greater sac
60
Lowest part of the peritoneal cavity when the patient is supine
Hepatorenal recess
61
Entry point to spinal cord of visceral afferents from gallbladder
T6-T9
62
4 parts of the duodenum
Superior part Descending Horizontal Ascending
63
Exocrine cells of the pancreas
Acinar cells
64
Endocrine cells of the pancreas
Islets of langerhans
65
Level of exit point of SMA from aorta
L1 vertebral level
66
Which sac are the paracolic gutters part of?
Greater sac
67
Skin around umbilicus anastomoses
Para-umbilical veins drain to hepatic portal vein | Small epigastric veins drain to caval system
68
Distal end of oesophagus anastomoses
Inferior part drains to hepatic portal vein | Superior part drains to azygous vein
69
Rectum/anal canal anastomoses
Rectum and superior anal canal drain to IMV | Inferior part of GI tract drains to internal iliac veins
70
Level at which sigmoid colon becomes rectum
Anterior to S3
71
Point at which rectum becomes anal canal
Anterior to tip of the coccyx
72
Nerve supply of levator Ani
Nerve to levator ani and pudendal nerve
73
Location of internal anal sphincter
Superior two thirds of anal canal
74
Location of external anal sphincter
Inferior two thirs od anal canal
75
What muscle is the external anal canal continuous with
Puborectalis
76
What nerve stimulates contraction of the external anal sphincter?
Pudendal nerve
77
What nerve stimulates contraction of the internal anal sphincter?
Sympathetic nerves
78
Which type of nerve fibres stimulate structures in the pelvis?
Sympathetic, parasympathetic and visceral afferent
79
Which type of nerve fibres stimulate structures in the perineum?
Somatic motor and somatic sensory
80
Vertebral level of sympathetic fibres travelling to IMA
T12-L2
81
Vertebral level of somatic motor pudendal nerve fibres
S2, S3, S4
82
Vertebral level of somatic motor fibres in nerve to levator ani
S3, S4
83
Vertebral level of visceral afferents and parasympathetic fibres from and to the rectum/ anal canal
S2-S4
84
Point of exit from pelvis of pudendal nerve
Greater sciatic foramen
85
Point of entry into perineum of pudendal nerve
Lesser sciatic foramen

First Year Anatomy (non-diagram) (3 decks)

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