Respiratory

Question 1

Function of the pectoralis minor

Answer 1

Pull ribs 3-5 superiorly towards the coracoid process of the scapula

Question 2

Attachment of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

Attaches between sternum/clavicle and mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 3

Attachment of scalenus anterior, medius and posterior

Answer 3

Between cervical vertebrae and ribs 1&2

Question 4

Points of attachment of internal oblique

Answer 4

Inferior border of lower ribs
Iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia of lowerback

Question 5

Points of attachment of transversus abdominus

Answer 5

Deep aspects of lower ribs
Iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back

Question 6

Points of attachment of external oblique

Answer 6

Superficial aspect of lower ribs
Iliac crest
Pubic tubercle

Question 7

Vertebral level at which larynx becomes the trachea

Answer 7

C6

Question 8

Where can the trachea be palpated

Answer 8

Jugular notch of the manubrium

Question 9

Location of the isthmus of the thyroid gland

Answer 9

Anterior to tracheal cartilages 2-4

Question 10

True ribs

Answer 10

Ribs 1-7

Attach via their costal cartilage to the sternum

Question 11

False ribs

Answer 11

8-10

Attach via their costal cartilage above to the sternum

Question 12

Floating ribs

Answer 12

11&12

No attachment to the sternum

Question 13

Muscles of breathing

Answer 13

Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostals

Question 14

How many intercostal spaces are there?

Answer 14

11

Question 15

What intercostal muscles do the neurovascular bundles run between?

Answer 15

Between internal and innermost intercostal layers

Question 16

Arterial supply to the posterior intercostal spaces

Answer 16

Thoracic aorta

Question 17

Venous drainage from the posterior intercostal spaces

Answer 17

Azygous vein

Question 18

Arterial supply to the anterior intercostal spaces

Answer 18

Internal thoracic artery

Question 19

Venous drainage from the internal thoracic vein

Answer 19

Internal thoracic vein

Question 20

Points of attachment of the muscular part of the diaphragm

Answer 20

Sternum
Lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages
L1-L3 vertebral bodies

Question 21

Drainage from the lateral quadrants of the breast

Answer 21

Unilateral

To axillary nodes

Question 22

Drainage from the medial quadrants of the breast

Answer 22

Bilateral

To parasternal nodes

Question 23

Level of the sternal angle

Answer 23

Costal cartilage 2/ rib 2

Question 24

Attachment of scalenus anterior

Answer 24

Cervical vertebrae to 1st rib

Question 25

Most inferior region laterally of the costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 25

Costophrenic angle

Question 26

What lines the walls of the main bronchi?

Answer 26

Hyaline cartilage

Question 27

Auscultation of the lung apex

Answer 27

Superior to the medial 1/3rd of the clavicle

Question 28

Auscultation of the middle lobe

Answer 28

Between ribs 4 and 6 in the mid clavicular and mid axillary lines

Question 29

Horizontal fissure

Answer 29

Follows right rib 4

Question 30

Oblique fissures

Answer 30

Bilaterally at the level of rib 6 anteriorly and rising to T3 vertebral level posteriorly

Question 31

Auscultation of the lung base

Answer 31

Scapular line at T11 vetebral level

Question 32

Nerve supply of rima glottidis

Answer 32

Vagus nerves

Question 33

Nerve supply of nasal cavity in sneezing

Answer 33

CN V or CN IX

Question 34

Nerve supply of pharynx in coughing

Answer 34

CNIX or CN X

Question 35

``` Carotid sheaths (definition and contents) ```

Answer 35

``` Protective tubes of cervical deep fascia Contain: Vagus nerve Internal carotid artery Common carotid artery Internal jugular vein ```

Question 36

Pulmonary plexus

Answer 36

Sympathetic axons Parasympathetic axons Viscerl afferents

Question 37

Intercostal nerves

Answer 37

Anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11

Question 38

Accessory muscles of forced inspiration

Answer 38

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Sternocleidomastoid Scalenus anterior, medius and posterior

Question 39

Intrinisc muscles of the larynx

Answer 39

Skeletal Somatic motor Attach between cartilages Adduct the vocal cords during the cough reflex

Question 40

Connection with CNS of the vagus nerves

Answer 40

Medulla oblongata of the brainstem

Question 41

Route of passage of vagus nerves into abdominal cavity

Answer 41

On the oesophagus

Question 42

Divide each long flat rectus abdominus muscle into 4 smaller quadrate muscles

Answer 42

Tendinous intersections

Question 43

Thoracoabdominal nerves

Answer 43

7th to 11th intercostal nerves

Question 44

Nerves supply the abdominal soma

Answer 44

``` Thoracabdominal nerves Subcostal nerve (T12) Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) ```

Question 45

The "safe triangle"

Answer 45

Anterior border of latissimus dorsi Posterior border of pectoralis major Axial line superior to the nipple

Question 46

Attachment of inguinal ligaments

Answer 46

ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 47

Inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 47

Inguinal ligaments

Question 48

Floor of the inguinal canal

Answer 48

Medial half of the inguinal ligaments

Question 49

Location of the superficial ring

Answer 49

Defect in the external oblique aponeurosis | Lies superolateral to the pubic tubercle

Question 50

Location of the deep ring

Answer 50

Superior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament