Cardiovascular

Question 1

what do cardioselective B blockers work on? e.g?

Answer 1

B1
atenolol
bisoprolol

Question 2

examples of non cardioselective B blockers?

Answer 2

propranolol

Question 3

what are examples of rate limiting CCBs? when are these used?

Answer 3

verapamil
diltiazem

HT
angina
SVT

Question 4

what type of CCBs should be avoided with B blockers?

Answer 4

rate limiting

Question 5

what is a side effect of amlodipine?

Answer 5

ankle swelling

Question 6

what do ACE inhibitors do?

Answer 6

block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II (stops aldosterone secretion)

Question 7

what are side effects of ACE?

Answer 7

cough
renal failure
facial oedema

Question 8

what type of kidneys are ACE good for?

Answer 8

diabetic nephropathy

Question 9

e.g of alpha blockers?

Answer 9

doxazosin

Question 10

side effect of alpha blockers?

Answer 10

postural hypotension

Question 11

what is nicorandil used for?

Answer 11

vasodilation

Question 12

how does warfarin work?

Answer 12

blocks clotting factors II, VII, IX, X

Question 13

how does rivaroxaban work?

Answer 13

factor Xa inhibitor

Question 14

how does digoxin work?

Answer 14

blocks AV conduction so slows the heart rate

Question 15

what happens in digoxin toxicity?

Answer 15

increases ventricular irritability resulting in arrythmias

Question 16

features of digoxin toxicity?

Answer 16

N+V
yellow vision
bradycardia
ventricular arrhythmias
heart block

Question 17

what does MABP =?

Answer 17

MABP = CO x TPR

Question 18

who should avoid ACE/ARBs?

Answer 18

pregnant women

people with RAS

Question 19

what does the B1 adrenergic receptor usually cause when activated?

Answer 19

increase HR
increased force
increased AV conduction

Question 20

what type of CCB is amlodipine?

Answer 20

selective for cardiac smooth muscle

Question 21

what is chronotropic/inotropic?

Answer 21

chrono - rate

ino - contractility

Question 22

what does LDL do?

Answer 22

LDL is up taken by the intima of arteries

Question 23

what does HDL do?

Answer 23

transports excess cholesterol from cells to the liver

Question 24

arterial vs venous thrombus - Tx with what drugs?

Answer 24

arterial - antiplatelet

venous - anti coag

Question 25

e.g of LMWH? how are these given?

Answer 25

fondaparinux subcut

Question 26

how is the efficacy of heparin/LMWH tested?

Answer 26

heparin - APTT | LMWH - anti Xa assay

Question 27

what do class I anti arrhythmic agents do?

Answer 27

block Na channels (delay AP)

Question 28

what do class 2 anti arrhythmic agents do?

Answer 28

decrease depol of nodes (Bblockers)

Question 29

what do class 3 anti arrhythmic agents do?

Answer 29

prolong AP duration

Question 30

what do class 4 anti arrythmic drugs do?

Answer 30

slow conduction in nodes and decrease force of contractions

Question 31

e.g of class 1-4 anti arrhythmic drugs?

Answer 31

1 - flecainide 2 - Bb 3 - amiodarone 4 - verapamil

Question 32

what are rhythm control anti arrhythmic drugs?

Answer 32

flecanide | amiodarone

Question 33

what does adenosine do?

Answer 33

rhythm control (SVT)

Question 34

what are rate controlling anti arrhythmic drugs?

Answer 34

Bb (propranolol/atenolol) | CCBs (verapamil/diltiazem)

Question 35

what can amiodarone cause?

Answer 35

pulmonary fibrosis | thyroid disease

Question 36

what baseline bloods should be done for amiodarone?

Answer 36

pulmonary function | TFTs, LFTs, U+Es, CXR