ECG

Question 1

what does the p wave show?

Answer 1

atrial depol

Question 2

what does the QRS show?

Answer 2

ventricular depol

Question 3

what does the t wave show?

Answer 3

ventricular repol

Question 4

how to calculate rate?

Answer 4

big squares between R - R/300

Question 5

how to calculate axis?

Answer 5

I and aVF (Right = reach towards)

Question 6

what lead do you look for the changes in BBB?

Answer 6

v1 and v6

Question 7

what is the change seen in R BBB?

Answer 7

rSr pattern (M in V1, W in V6)

Question 8

what is the change seen in L BBB?

Answer 8

W in V1

M in V6

Question 9

what ECG changes can occur in pericarditis?

Answer 9

widespread ST not inkeeping with arteries
PR depression
sadle shaped ST elevation

Question 10

what happens in first degree heart block?

Answer 10

PR interval >1 big square

Question 11

what are the types of second degree heart block?

Answer 11

mobitz I

mobitz II

Question 12

what happens in mobitz I? does it need Tx?

Answer 12

PR progressively lengthens until there is a missed beat

can be physiological

Question 13

what happens in mobitz II? does it need Tx?

Answer 13

constant P-P wave interval but certain number of beats then one is ‘missed’

pacing/pacemaker insertion

Question 14

what happens in 3rd degree heart block?

Answer 14

p wave marches through

no relationship to QRS

Question 15

what can a bifid t wave indicate?

Answer 15

AV nodal re entry tachycardia

Question 16

ECG changes in hyperkalaemia?

Answer 16

tall T waves
flat P wave
ST depression
bradycardia

Question 17

Tx for hyperkalaemia?

Answer 17

calcium gluconate
insulin 
dextrose
salbutamol
bicarbonate

Question 18

what leads are affected in an anterior MI?

Answer 18

V1-4

Question 19

what leads are affected in a inferior MI?

Answer 19

II, III, avF

Question 20

what leads are affected in a lateral MI?

Answer 20

I, aVL, V5, V6

Question 21

what leads are affected in a posterior MI? what signs are seen?

Answer 21

V1-3

ST depression

Question 22

what artery is affected in anterior, inferior and lateral MI?

Answer 22

anterior - LAD
inferior - RCA
lateral - circumflex

Question 23

what can flat T waves mean?

Answer 23

Hx of ischaemia

Question 24

what arteries come off the LCA? what MI would result?

Answer 24

circumflex and LAD

anterolateral

Question 25

what happens to the QRS in supraventricular rhythms?

Answer 25

narrow QRS (<3 small squares)

Question 26

what are ECG features of atrial flutter?

Answer 26

saw tooth baseline

Question 27

difference between pathology in AF and atrial flutter?

Answer 27

atrial flutter is still regular ventricles contracting faster than atria

Question 28

what is an ectopic beat?

Answer 28

early beat

Question 29

what creates the PR interval?

Answer 29

AV node delay

Question 30

what creates the ST segment?

Answer 30

ventricular systole

Question 31

how big should the QRS be?

Answer 31

3 small squares

Question 32

how big should the PR interval be?

Answer 32

3-5 small squares

Question 33

where to stick chest leads?

Answer 33

V1 - 4th ICS left sternal edge V2 - 4th ICS right sternal edge V3 - between 2 and 4 V4 - 5th ICS mid clav line V5 - anterior axillary line, same level as V4 V6 - mid axillary line, same level as V4

Question 34

where do the ECG limb leads go?

Answer 34

RA - red LA - yellow RL - black LL - green

Question 35

how to calculate rate when irregular rhythm?

Answer 35

QRS complexes in 30 big squares | x10

Question 36

how long is a big box?

Answer 36

0.2secs (0.04 for each small one)

Question 37

how tall is a normal T wave?

Answer 37

half the size of the QRS

Question 38

where is the SA node located?

Answer 38

RA