Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Cardiovascular system
A
blood vessel and heart carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying waste away
2
Q
Heart
A
muscular organ taking deoxygenated blood from the veins, pumping it to the lungs for oxygen, then returning oxygenated blood back to the body through the arteries
3
Q
Apex
A
lower pointed end of heart
4
Q
Septum
A
wall of heart tissue separating right and left sides of the heart
5
Q
Atrium
A
upper receiving chamber of the heart; right and left
6
Q
Ventricle
A
lower pumping chamber of the heart; right and left (thick walled and actually pump blood out of heart)
7
Q
Endocardium
A
inner lining of the heart (thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves)
8
Q
-ium
A
structure or tissue
9
Q
Myocardium
A
middle muscular layer of heart tissue
10
Q
Epicardium
A
outer lining of the heart
11
Q
Pericardium
A
sac around the heart that facilitates movement of the heart as it beats
12
Q
Aortic valve
A
heart valve between left ventricle and aorta
13
Q
Mitral valve
A
heart valve between left atrium and left ventricle (AKA bicuspid valve)
14
Q
Pulmonary valve
A
heart valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery (AKA semilunar valve)
15
Q
Tricuspid valve
A
heart valve between right atrium and right ventricle
16
Q
Blood vessels
A
structures that carry/transport blood
17
Q
Artery
A
vessel carrying blood away from heart (usually carries oxygenated blood
18
Q
Arteriole
A
small artery
19
Q
Capillary
A
microscopic thin-walled vessel connecting arterioles and venules where gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place between blood and cells of body
20
Q
Lumen
A
interior space of a vessel (wear blood cells flow)
21
Q
Venule
A
small vein
22
Q
Vein
A
vessel carrying blood to the heart (usually carries deoxygenated blood)
23
Q
Aorta
A
largest artery beginning as an arch from left ventricle, then branches and descends through the thoracic and abdominal cavities, carries oxygenated blood away from heart to the body
24
Q
Inferior vena cava
A
large vein carrying blood to the heart from lower part of body
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Superior vena cava
large vein carrying blood to heart from upper body
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Lymph
clear fluid of fluctuating amounts of WBC and few RBC that accumulate in tissue to fight infections and is removed by lymphatic capillaries and returned to the blood (colorless fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system)
- the excess fluid that drains from cells and tissues plus other substances
27
Lymph nodes (lymph glands)
small bean shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that filter bacteria and foreign material from the lymph, located on larger lymph vessels in the axillary, cervical, inguinal, mediastinal areas
- we have 600 nodes throughout body
- cleans/filters the lympth
28
Lymph vessels
vessel transporting lymph from body tissues to the venous system (veins)
29
Lymph capillaries
microscopic, thin-walled lymph vessels that pick up lymph proteins and waste from body tissues
30
Lymph ducts
largest lymph vessels that transport lymph to the venous system
- returns clean lympth back to blood stream
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Angi/o , vas/o , vascul/o
vessel, duct
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Aort/o
aorta
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Arteri/o
artery
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Ather/o
fatty paste (plaque)
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Atri/o
Atrium
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Scler/o
hard
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Son/o
sound, sound waves
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Sphygm/o
pulse
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Steth/o , thorac/o
thorax, chest
40
Thromb/o
blood clot
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Valv/o
valve
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Varic/o
swollen or twisted vein
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Ventricul/o
ventricle
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Coron/o
circle or crown
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My/o
muscle
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Phleb/o , ven/i , ven/o
vein
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Aden/o
gland
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-ectasia
dilation, stretching
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-al , -ar , -ary , -ic
pertaining to
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Peri-
around
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Tachy-
fast
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Tel-
end
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Brady-
slow
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De-
away from, cessation, with out
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-gram
record, recording
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-graph
instrument used for recording
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-graphy
process of recording
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-icle , -ole , ule
small
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-lytic
pertaining to destruction, breakdown, separationg
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-stenosis
stricture, narrowing
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-oid
resembling
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Arteriovenous (AV)
pertaining to both arteries and veins
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Atrioventricular (AV)
pertaining to the atria and ventricles
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Cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessel
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Constriction
narrowing or tightening in a structure
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Cyanotic
blue or purple discoloration (due to deoxygenated blood)
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Deoxygenation
process of removing or having a lack of oxygen
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Diastole
relaxation phase of ventricle in the heartbeat cycle
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Ischemic
lack of blood flow
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Oxygenation
process of adding oxygen
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Paroxysmal
sudden
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Patent
open/exposed
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Precordial
front of the heart (anterior left chest)
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Sphygmic
pertaining to the pulse
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Stenotic
pertaining to the condition of narrowing
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Supraventricular
pertaining to above the ventricles
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Systole
contraction phase of ventricles in the heartbeat cycle
78
Thrombotic
pertaining to a thrombus (blood clot)
79
Varicose
pertaining to swollen or twisted vein
80
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
chest pain and other signs and symptoms associated with cardiac ischemia (range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart; example is heart attack (myocardial infarction))
81
Aneurysm
dilation of artery usually due to weakness in arterial wall
82
Angina pectoris
chest pain/pressure resulting from lack of blood flow to the myocardium
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Angiostenosis
narrowing of blood vessel
84
Angio
blood vessel
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Aortic stenosis
narrowing of aortic valve opening
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Arteriosclerosis (arteriosclerotic heart disease ASHD)
hardening or loss of elasticity of arteries
87
-sclerosis
hardening
88
Atherosclerosis
build up (hardening) of plaque in artery walls
89
Cardia arrest
person's heart stops beating completely (electrical malfunction) causing breathing, consciousness, and blood circulation to stop
90
Heart attack
blood flow to the heart is interrupted (example is blood clot from fatty plaque in arteries in heart - one or more of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood, is blocked); heart can still pump
91
Cardiac tamponade
pressure on the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the heart muscle and the outer covering sac (pericardium) of the heart - leads to decreased BP because heart can't fill properly
92
Cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body - can lead to heart failure
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-pathy
disease, feeling
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Cardiopathy
heart disease
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Cardiovalvulitis
inflammation of the heart valves
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Coarctation of the aorta
A narrowing of the large blood vessel (aorta) that leads from the heart
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Coronary occlusion
partial or complete obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery - can lead to heart attack
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Congestive heart failure (CHF)
A chronic condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should (blood can back up and fluid may build up in the lungs or arms and legs)
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Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessel - usual cause is build up of fatty plaque causing narrowing and limiting blood flow to heart
100
Embolus
anything (blood clot, air bubble, plaque) that moves through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass - the blood flow is stopped by the embolus (often a small piece of a blood clot that breaks off (thromboembolus))
101
Endocarditis
inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves (endocardium)
102
Hypertension
high blood pressure
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Hypotension
low BP
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Intermittent claudication
a condition in which cramping pain in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries
105
Mitral valve prolapse
Improper closure of the valve between the heart's upper and lower left chambers
106
Mitral valve stenosis
narrowing of the valve between the two left heart chambers
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Murmur
blood flowing through the heart (blood is flowing abnormally across your heart valves)
108
Myocardial infarction (MI)
(AKA heart attack) A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle leading to low oxygen and death of heart tissue
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Myocarditis
inflammation of the middle layer of heart wall (myocardium)
110
Pericarditis
inflammation of the outer lining of the heart
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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs
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Polyarteritis
widespread inflammation of blood vessel
113
Raynaud disease
causes some areas of the body — such as fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold (blood vessels go into a temporary spasm)
114
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD)
heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever - causes deformity of valve
115
Arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
116
Dysrhythmia
Both arrhythmia and dysrhythmia refer to an abnormal rhythm of your heartbeat. If you experience an arrhythmia, the rhythm of your heartbeat is too fast or too slow. If you experience dysrhythmia, the rate of your heartbeat is irregular, but it's still within a normal range
117
Fibrillation
An irregular heartbeat that occurs when the electrical signals in the atria (the two upper chambers of the heart) fire rapidly at the same time. This causes the heart to beat faster than normal
118
Flutter
heart's upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly. This causes the heart to beat in a fast, but usually regular, rhythm
119
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
extra heartbeats that begin in one of the heart's two lower pumping chambers (ventricles). These extra beats disrupt the regular heart rhythm, sometimes causing a sensation of a fluttering or a skipped beat in the chest
120
Phlebitis (AKA thrombophlebitis)
inflammation that causes a blood clot to form in a vein, usually in your leg - When it affects a vein close to your skin's surface, it's called "superficial phlebitis". When it affects a deeper vein, it's called "deep vein thrombosis"
121
Telangiectasia
small, widened blood vessels on the skin
122
Varicose vein
twisted, enlarged veins
123
Elephantiasis
A tropical, parasitic disease that affects the lymph nodes and lymph vessels - causes swelling of legs (from mosquitoes bite)
124
Filariae
parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms that live in lymph system
125
Lymphadenitis
enlargement in one or more lymph nodes, usually due to infection
126
Lymphadenopathy
swelling of lymph nodes
127
Lymphangitis
inflammation of lymphatic channels due to infectious or noninfectious causes
128
Lymphedema
swelling due to build-up of lymph fluid in the body (blockage in the lymphatic system)
129
Pitting edema
excess fluid builds up in the body, causing swelling; when pressure is applied to the swollen area, a “pit”, or indentation, will remain
130
Cardiac troponin
A troponin test measures the levels of troponin T or troponin I proteins in the blood. These proteins are released when the heart muscle has been damaged, such as occurs with a heart attack. The more damage there is to the heart, the greater the amount of troponin T and I there will be in the bloo
131
Angioscopy
visualizing the interior of blood vessels (view thrombus, plaque, arterial dissections, and other vascular abnormalities)
132
Aortography
Radiographic imaging of the aorta and its branches
133
Arteriography
imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see inside the arteries
134
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body
135
Echocardiography
uses sound waves to show how blood flows through the heart and heart valves
136
Venography
x-ray exam that is performed to examine the health of the veins
137
Auscultation
listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope
138
Spleen
largest lymphatic organ (left side, under ribs, above stomach)
- stores and filters blood
- produces WBC that fight infection
139
Lymphatic system
part of the immune system
- work together to move a colorless, watery fluid called lymph back into your circulatory system (bloodstream)
- maintain fluid levels, protect body from infection, transport and remove waste from cell and tissues
