Skeletal muscular Flashcards
(163 cards)
1
Q
Bone marrow`
A
Soft tissue within bone, with multiple functions including the production of blood cells
2
Q
Cancellous bone (spongy bone)
A
Meshlike bone structure
3
Q
Compact bone
A
Harder, denser bone
4
Q
Diaphysis
A
shaft of a long bone
5
Q
Endosteum
A
Membrane within medullary cavity
6
Q
Epiphysis
A
wider ends of a long bone
7
Q
Epiphysial plate
A
growth area of a long bone
8
Q
Medullary cavity
A
space within long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis
9
Q
Metaphysics
A
flared section of a long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis
10
Q
Os or ossa
A
bone
11
Q
Osteoblast
A
bone-forming cell
12
Q
Osteoclast
A
cell the helps remove osteosarcoma (bony) tissue
13
Q
Osteocyte
A
bone cell
14
Q
Periosteum
A
membrane surrounding bone
15
Q
Axial skeleton
A
bones of the skull, spine, chest
16
Q
Appendicular skeleton
A
bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, pelvis
17
Q
Acetabulum
A
socket of the pelvic bone where femur articulates
18
Q
Acromion
A
lateral upper section of the scapula
19
Q
Calcaneus
A
bone of the heel
20
Q
Carpal bones
A
8 bones of the wrist
21
Q
Clavicle
A
collarbone
22
Q
Cranium
A
skull (8 bones)
23
Q
Femur
A
bone of the upper leg
24
Q
Fibula
A
smaller, outer bone of the lower leg
25
Humerus
bone of the upper arm
26
Hyoid
bone beneath the mandible
27
Lamina
posterior section of the vertebra
28
Mandible
lower bone of the jaw
29
Maxilla
upper bone of the jaw
30
Metacarpal bones
5 bones of palm
31
Metatarsal bones
5 bones of foot
32
Patella
kneecap
33
Pelvic bone
hip bone (3 fused bones on each side)
34
Ischium
posterior lower section of the pelvic bone
35
ilium
upper section of the pelvic bone
36
Pubis
anterior lower section of pelvic bone
37
Phalanges
bones of the fingers and toes (14 per hand/foot)
38
Radius
out of the 2 bones of the lower arm
39
Ribs
long, curved bones that form the bony wall of chest
40
Scapul
shoulder blade
41
Sternum
anterior bone of thorax, breast bone
42
Tarsal bones
7 bones of ankle
43
Tibia
larger inner bone of lower leg
44
Ulna
more inner of 2 bones of lower arm
45
Vertebra
bone of the spine
46
Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
bones of neck
47
Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
bones of midspine
48
Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
bones of lower back
49
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae below lumbar spine
50
Coccyx
4 fused vertebrae at the lower end of the spine (tailbone), below sacrum
51
Xiphoid process
lower section of the sternum
52
Articulation
site where bones come together
53
Bursa
Fluid-filled fibrous sac within some joints
54
Cartilage
dense connective tissue attached to bone in many joints
55
Synovial joint (diarthrosis)
joint that moves freely; joint cavity contains synovial fluid (In a Synovial joint, the ends of bones are encased in smooth cartilage. Together, they are protected by a joint capsule lined with a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid)
56
Intervertebral disk
plate-like structure of connective tissue between vertebrae
57
Ligament
band of strong connective tissue joining bones
58
Agonist (muscle)
skeletal muscle that creates a movement by contracting; prime mover
59
Antagonist (muscle)
skeletal muscle that opposes an agonist muscle and relaxes as the agonist contracts
60
Cardiac muscle
heart muscle
61
Fascia
sheet of connective tissue covering a muscle
62
Fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
63
Ankyl/o
stiff
64
Arthr/o , articul/o
joint
65
Burs/o
bursa
66
Carp/o
carpal bones
67
Chondr/o
cartilage
68
Clavicul/o
clavicle
69
Cervic/o
neck
70
Cost/o
rib
71
Crani/o
cranial (skull)
72
Disk/o
disk or disc
73
Fasci/o
Fascia , band
74
ili/o
ilium
75
Ischi/o
ischium
76
Kinesi/o
movement
77
Kyph/o
humpback
78
Lei/o
smooth
79
Lamin/o
lamina (The flattened part of either side of the arch of a vertebra)
80
Lord/o
curved or bent
81
Lumb/o
lumbar
82
Menisc/o
meniscus (C-shaped piece of tough, rubbery cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between the shinbone and the thighbone)
83
My/o
muscle
84
Myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
85
Rachi/o
spine
86
Rhabd/o
striated muscle
87
Sacr/o
sacrum
88
Scoli/o
crooked, twisted
89
Ton/o
stretching, tension
90
Uln/o
ulna
91
Computed tomography (CT)
imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce images of the inside of the body
92
Electromyogram (EMG)
diagnostic procedure to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them (recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles)
93
Symphysis
place where two bones are closely joined, either forming an immovable joint (as between the pubic bones in the center of the pelvis) or completely fused (as at the midline of the lower jaw)
94
Tendon
cord of strong, flexible tissue, similar to a rope (connects muscle to bone)
95
Abduction
moving away from body
96
Inversion
tilt sole of foot towards midline of body
97
Eversion
tilt sole of foot away from midline of body
98
Dorsiflexion
backward bending of the hand or foot (toes point to ceiling)
99
Plantar flexion
point toes
100
Extension
increasing the angle of a joinr
101
Flexion
decrease angle of a joint
102
Pronation
rotational movement of the forearm that results in the palm facing down
103
Supination
rotation of the arm so palm is facing up (scoop soup)
104
Insertion of muscle
If the place is on the bone that moves during the action, the attachment is called an insertion
105
Origin of muscle
If the place is a bone that remains immobile for an action, the attachment is called an origin.
106
Smooth muscle (unstriated muscle)
involuntary muscles composed of elongated cells that do not have striations; smooth
107
Skeletal muscle (striated muscle)
voluntary muscles attached to the skeleton; they contract and relax; form parallel bundles
108
Tonus
continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles even at rest (maintains posture and structure)
109
Sym- , syn-
together, joined
110
-asthenia
weakness
111
-centesis
surgical puncture
112
-clasia , -clasis, -clast
breaking, destruction
113
-desis
binding, fixation
114
-physis
growth plate of bone (part of bone that elongates)
115
-porosis
porous (holes)
116
-rrhaphy
surgical repair
117
-schisis
splitting, division
118
-trophy
nutrition, food, growth
119
Costovertebral
relating to a rib and its adjoining vertebra
120
Iliofemoral
relating to the ilium and femur
121
Intercostal
situated or extending between the ribs
122
Intracranial
in the brain (skull)
123
Ischiofemoral
relating to the ischium and femur
124
Osseous
Tissue that gives strength and structure to bones (things that are literally made of bone)
125
Synovial
A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae
126
Ankylosing spondylitis
type of arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints and ligaments of the spine
127
Spondy
spine
128
ankylosis
immobility of a joint (stiffening of joint)
129
Arthralgia
joint pain
130
Arthritis
inflammation of the joint
131
Arthrochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage of a joint
132
Atrophy
decrease in size of an organ or tissue; wasting (could be from reabsorption of cells)
133
Bradykinesia
slowness of movement
134
Bunion (hallux valgus)
enlargement (or misalignment) of the bone or tissue around a joint at the base of the big toe or at the base of the little toe
135
Bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
136
Bursolith
hard mass (calculus) in a bursa
137
Carpal tunnel syndrome
pressure on the carpal tunnel causing numbness to the 4 fingers (pinkie not included)
138
Chondromalacia
softening and breakdown of the tissue (cartilage)
139
Cranioschisis
failure of the bones of the skull to close
140
Lordosis
natural curve of the lower back (lumbar) area of the spine
141
Dyskinesia
involuntary, erratic, writhing movements of the face, arms, legs or trunk
142
Spondylosyndesis (Lumbar fusion, also called spinal fusion)
surgical procedure to permanently join two or more vertebrae in the spine to prevent movement between them
143
Synovectomy
destruction or surgical removal of the membrane (synovium) that lines a joint
144
Tenorrhaphy
surgical suture of a divided tendon
145
Ten/o
tendon
146
Osteopathy
alternative medicine that emphasizes physical manipulation of the body's muscle tissue and bones (uses hands)
147
Rheumatology
any of various conditions characterized by inflammation or pain in muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue
148
Ostectomy
surgical removal of all or part of a bone
149
Osteoclasis (breaking of bone)
to reconstruct a bone that is malformed, often a broken bone that healed improperly. The bone is broken and then reshaped with the aid of metal pins, casting, and bracing
150
Omo-
shoulder
151
Gleno-
glenoid fossa (where humeral head attaches to scapula)
152
Olecrano-
elbow (back of elbow)
153
cubito-
elbow (anterior)
154
Rachi(o)
spine
155
spondylo-
vertebrae
156
Cleido-
clavicle
157
coxo-
hip
158
Acetabulo-
Acetabulum: where femoral head meets pelvis
159
Sacro
sacrum: bone connecting two ilium bones together
160
Coccyx
boney tail like projection off sacrum
161
Crur-
leg
162
Cheiro-
hand
163
Onycho
nail
