Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2023 HOSA Medical Term > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

(122 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Mouth, syn. oral cavity

A

opening where food enters the body and undergoes the first process of digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Palate

A

roof of the mouth; separates oral cavity from nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Uvula

A

small piece of tissue that hangs in the posterior portion of oral cavity (helps prevent food and liquid from going up your nose when you swallow, secretes saliva to keep mouth hydrated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tongue

A

muscular organ at the floor of mouth; assists in swallowing and speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Teeth

A

structures that provide the hard surfaces needed for mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mastication

A

chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Salivary glands

A

saliva- secreting glands in oral cavity; include the parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Saliva

A

clear, tasteless, odorless fluid that lubricates food in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

space behind mouth the serves as passage for food from mouth to esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Esophagus

A

muscular tube that moves food from pharynx to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stomach

A

saclike organ in which chemical part of digestion begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cardia

A

area where esophagus connects to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fundus

A

superior domed portion of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Body

A

largest part of stomach, between fundus and pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pylorus

A

lower part of the stomach connecting to small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rugae

A

folds in the stomach lining that increase SA for absorption of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Small Intestine

A

long, hollow tube where most absorption of nutrients occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Duodenum

A

first section of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Jejunum

A

middle section of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ileum

A

terminal (end) part of small intestine connecting to large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Large Intestine

A

large tube where water is reabsorbed and solid waste products are produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cecum

A

first portion of the large intestine (connects small intestine to colon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Appendix (vermiform appendix)

A

fingerlike projection off the cecum of the large intestine (between cecum and colon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antacid

A

drug used to reduce stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Antidiarrhea
drug used to stop/prevent diarrhea
26
Antiemetic
drug used to prevent nausea/vomiting
27
-emesis
vomiting/nausea
28
Emetic
drug used to induce vomiting
29
Laxative (cathartic)
drug used to promote expulsion of feces
30
Abdominoperineal resection (A&P)
Surgical removal of the colon and rectum by both abdominal and perineal approaches; includes a colostomy and is performed to treat severe lower intestinal diseases including cancer
31
Abdominoplasty
surgical repair of the abdominal area
32
Anastomosis
An operative union of two hollow or tubular structures (A procedure to connect healthy sections of tubular structures in the body after the diseased portion has been surgically removed)
33
ana-
through or complete
34
stoma
mouth or opening
35
Appendectomy
removal of appendix
36
Bariatric surgery
operation performed for the management of obesity (surgical procedures performed on the stomach or intestines to induce weight loss)
37
Gastric Bypass
Type of bariatric surgery that involves stomach stapling to bypass a large area of the stomach and anastomosis of its upper part to the small intestine
38
Choleithotripsy
crushing of gallstones
39
Cholelithiasis
stones in the gallbladder
40
Chole-
"gall" or "bile"
41
Cyst
bladder
42
-lithiasis
stones
43
Colostomy
artificial opening into the colon
44
Cholecystectomy
removal of gallbladder
45
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by an extreme fear of becoming obese and by an aversion to eating
46
Ascites
accumulation of fluid in abdominal/peritoneal cavity
47
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
48
Cirrhosis
chronic liver disease characterized by gradual failure of liver cells and loss of blood flow in liver (the liver turns a yellowish orange color)
49
Constipation
decreased number of bowel movements often associated with hard stools
50
Crohn disease (regional enteritis)
deep ulcers and thickening of the intestine
51
Diarrhea
abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or liquid feces
52
Diverticulitis
inflammation of a diverticulum
53
Diverticulum
abnormal pouch on the wall of a hollow organ that protrudes outward
54
Dysentery
disease marked by frequent watery stools containing blood and mucus (infection of the intestines that causes diarrhea containing blood or mucus)
55
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of stomach and intestines
56
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
57
Hemorrhoids
swollen veins in your anus and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins
58
Hepatomegaly
enlargement of liver
59
Hiatal hernia
Protrusion of part of stomach through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
60
ileus
obstruction of the intestine
61
Incontinence
inability to prevent the discharge of feces or urine
62
Intussusception
Sliding (enfolding) of one section of the intestine into an adjacent section; much like the parts of a collapsible telescope (blocks food and blood)
63
Irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon)
Painful intestinal disease characterized by alternating constipation with diarrhea
64
Pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
65
Peptic ulcer
ulcer of stomach or duodenum caused by gastric acid
66
Peritonitis
inflammation of peritoneal cavity
67
Polyp
section of tissue that grows abnormally and protrudes from a surface
68
Polyposis
condition of polyps where numerus polyps develop
69
Pruritus ani
itching around the opening of the anus
70
Ulcerative colitis
painful condition where ulcers form in the colon and rectum
71
Volvulus
twisting of the intestine that can cause obstruction
72
volv/o
rolling or twisting
73
Colon
portion of the large intestine extending from cecum to rectum
74
Ascending colon
portion of large intestine that lies on the right side arising from the cecum and joins the transverse colon
75
Transverse colon
area of large intestine between ascending colon and descending colon
76
Descending colon
section of large intestine that follows transverse colon
77
Sigmoid colon
terminal (end) portion of large intestine that joins with the rectum
78
Rectum
extension of the large intestine that is a pouch that holds solid waste material before elimination from the body
79
Anus
exit from the large intestine to the outside of body
80
Liver
large organ that produces and secretes bile into the gallbladder
81
Bile
fluid secreted by liver into duodenum and aids in digestion
82
Gallbladder
organ located behind liver that stores bile and sends it to duodenum
83
Pancreas
organ that secretes pancreatic juices into small intestine that assists in digestion
84
Aliment/o
nutrition
85
An/o
anus
86
Appendic/o
appendix
87
Bucc/o
cheek
88
Cec/o
89
Cholecyst/o
gall bladder
90
Col/o , colon/o
colon
91
Enter/o
intestine
92
Gastr/o
stomach
93
Hemat/o , hem/o
blood
94
Hepat/o
liver
95
Herni/o
hernia (bulging of an internal organ through a weak area or tear in the muscle or other tissue that holds it in place)
96
ile/o
ileum
97
Labi/o , cheil/o
tongue
98
Lingu/o
tongue
99
Lith/o
stone
100
Odont/o , dent/o
tooth
101
Or/o , stomat/o
mouth
102
Peps/o
digest
103
Phag/o
eating
104
Proct/o
"anus" , "rectum"
105
Pylor/o
pylorus: part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). The pylorus is a valve that opens and closes during digestion. This allows partly digested food and other stomach contents to pass from the stomach to the small intestine
106
Rect/o
rectum
107
Sial/o
saliva
108
Sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon: the last part of the large intestine that connects to the rectum
109
-algia , -dynia
pain
110
-ase
enzyme
111
-cele
swelling, hernia, tumor
112
-centesis
surgical puncture
113
-malacai
softening
114
-prandial
meal
115
-ptosis
dropping of upper eyelid
116
-rrhaphy
surgical repair
117
-stenosis
narrowing
118
Chyme
thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion
119
Hematochezia
Rectal bleeding is when blood passes from the rectum or anus
120
-chezia
defecation (elimination of waste)
121
Glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
122
Procto-
anus or rectum

2023 HOSA Medical Term (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions