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315 - Nursing Support for Small Animals > Cardiovascular Conditions > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Conditions Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Acquired

A

Develop the condition, you are not born with it

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2
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Are said to be compensated - no clinical signs are present

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3
Q

Meaning of Decompensated

A

Clinical signs are present

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4
Q

When is congestive heart failure viewed

A

When they are decompensated

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5
Q

Left sided heart failure is

A

L = Lungs
Pulmonary oedema and congestion
Coughing, tachycardia, tachypnoea, exercise intolerance, fatigue, lethargy, weak pulse

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6
Q

Right sided

A

Blood back up into the vena cava,
ascites
Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, ventral oedema,

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7
Q

Signs of congestive heart failure

A 
tachycardia
Weak pulses
lethargy
exercise intolerance
cyanotic mucous membranes
ascites
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
weight loss
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8
Q

Dogs Heart Rate

A

70-140bpm

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9
Q

Cats heart rate

A

100 - 200

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10
Q

Dogs TPR

A 
38.3 - 39.2
70 - 140 beats per min
10 - 30 breaths per 
water intake 40 - 60ml/kg/day
urine output - 1 - 2ml per kg/hr
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11
Q

Cat TPR and fluid

A 
38.2 - 38.6 temp
100 - 200bpm
20-30 breaths per min
water intake - 40 -60ml/kg/24
urine output - 1 -2ml/kg/hr
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12
Q

Pulmonary Artery - location and carrier of?

A

Leaves right ventricle into lungs, then re-enters the left atrium. It carries de-oxygenated blood

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13
Q

Left sided heart disease effects what

A

Backs up the pulmonary vein - pulmonary oedema and congestion

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14
Q

Signs of Left sided heart disease

A

Dyspnea, coughing, tachypnea,

others include, exercise intolerance, weak pulse, lethargy

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15
Q

Signs of right sided heart disease

A

Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
ventral oedema
Jugular pulse

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16
Q

Nursing Care of the patient

A 
Calm, quiet environment, reduce stress
O2 therapy
Cage rest, restricted exercise
Reduce obesity
Diet control - high biological value protein, low sodium
Sternal recumbency
Medication prescribed by VS
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17
Q

Endocardial disease - definition

A

Endo (inside) cardio (heart) -

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18
Q

Endocarditis definition

A

Inflammation of the endocardium

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19
Q

endocarditis - causes and clinical signs

Study These Flashcards
A

Heart worm - dilofilraria

coughing

20
Q

Endocardiosis definition

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A

Disease of the heart, chronic fibrosis of the heart valves most common (LEAKY VALVE SYNDRONE)

21
Q

Endocardiosis - symptoms, breed disposition

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A

Fibrosis of the valves. Progressive condition.
Most common in dogs (pikenese, king Charles spaniel)
Pyrexi
Lethargy
Anorexia

22
Q

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY - Definition

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypotrophic - Muscle walls of the heart chamber become thinner and loose their contractability.

23
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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A

Seen in large breed dogs - Dobermanns, Irish wolfhounds, Great Danes
Taurine in Cats

24
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - definition

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A

Thickening of the muscle wall, reducing the size of ventricular luman and cardiac output. Interferes with relaxation of the heart preventing normal filling. Leads to decreased cardiac output and heart failure.

25
Hypertrophic explained
More common in cats Hyperthyroidism - T4 test Viral infection hypertension possible causes
26
Myocardial disease / 2 types =
Hypertrophic and dilated cardiomypathy
27
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy = | clinical signs, breed disposition + diagnosis
Thickening of the muscle wall, reducing the size of the ventricular lumen and reduced cardiac output. Interferes with relaxation of the heart preventing normal filling. Leads to reduced cardiac output. VERY COMMON IN CATS - HYPERTHYROIDISM VIRAL INFECTION AND HYPERTENSION ARE POSSIBLE CAUSES. Echocardiogram, thoracic x-ray (DV + R lat), ECG, Blood pressure, Blood T4. Treat with cardiac relaxants, calcium beta blockers to slow the heart. Blood clots with pain relief, antithrombotic and vasodilators.
28
Dilated Cardiomyopathy | causes, clinical signs, diagnostic + treatment
Dilation of heart chambers = become thinner + loose contractibility. Seen more in large breed dogs e.g. Dobermanns, Irish wolfhounds, Great Danes. Decreases blood flow causing congestive heart failure. TAURINE DEFICIENCY IN CATS Apparent acute on set Anorexia, weight loss, reduced exercise intolerance, lethargy. Left sided heart failure Ascites Heart murmur Arrhythmias Sudden death.
29
Taurine deficiency in cats can cause what type of heart failure
Dilated cardiomyopathy
30
Vena Cava enters into which heart chamber
Right atrium
31
Blood leaves the heart how?
By the aorta from the Left ventricle
32
Where is the stethoscope positioned in order to auscultate the heart
Position it between the 3rd and 6th rib on the left side of the ventral chest
33
What sided heart disease can cause hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
Right sided heart failure
34
Type of drugs that may be used for Cardiac disease
``` Diuretics Glycosides Bronchodilators Vasodilators ACE inhibitors Beta-blockers ```
35
Diuretics =
Increase urination in an attempt to reduce retained fluids. e.g. Frusemide
36
Glycosides
Affect the hearts muscle, creating stronger contractions | e.g. Digoxin
37
Bronchodilators
To ease respiratory difficulty e.g. Corvental D
38
Vasodilators
Reduce blood pressure, multi action medication - vetmedin
39
ACE inhibitors
reduces fluid retention and blood pressure e.g. vasostop
40
Beta-Blockers
Slows the heart rate - Atenol
41
Grading 1 murmur
Incredibly soft + barely noticeable
42
Grading 2 heart murmur
Very soft but easily heard with stephoscope
43
Grade 3 heart murmur
Moderate heart murmur that is easily heard but lacks any vibration when hand is placed on the chest
44
Grade 4
Loud with vibration
45
Grade 5
Loud with louder vibration
46
Grade 6
Loud with severe vibration, no stethoscope needed
47
ECG Leads - (Traffic Lights)
Red - Right Fore Yellow - Left fore Green - Left hind Black - Right hind

315 - Nursing Support for Small Animals (2 decks)

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