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Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Lotensin

Benazepril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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2
Q

Vasotec

Enalapril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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3
Q

Prinivil, Zestril

Lisinopril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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4
Q

Accupril

Quinapril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key Side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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5
Q

Altace

Ramipril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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6
Q

Avapro

Irbesartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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7
Q

Cozaar

Losartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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8
Q

Benicar

Olmesartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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9
Q

Micardis

Telmisartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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10
Q

Diovan

Valsartan (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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11
Q

Norvasc

Amlodipine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: edema
Other Notes: not all generic products therapeutically equivalent

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12
Q

Procardia XL, Nifedical XL, Adalat CC

Nifedipine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
Common indication: HTN, CAD
Key side effects: edema
Other Notes: not all generic products therapeutically equivalent

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13
Q

Cardene

Nicardipine (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Common indication: hypertensive crisis
Key side effects: flushing, headache, edema, hypotension

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14
Q

Cartia XT, Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA

Diltiazem (PO, IV)

A

Pharmacologic category: non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Common indication: AF (rate control), HTN, CAD
Key side effects: bradycardia, peripheral edema, constipation

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15
Q

Calan, Calan SR, Verelan

Verapamil (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)
Common indication: AF (rate control), HTN, CAD
Key side effects: bradycardia, peripheral edema, constipation

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16
Q

Microzide

Hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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17
Q

Thalitone

Chlorthalidone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: thiazide-related diuretic
Common indication: HTN, volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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18
Q

Zaroxolyn

Metolazone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: thiazide-related diuretic
Common indication: HTN, volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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19
Q

Lotrel

Amlodipine and benazepril (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, edema
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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20
Q

Prinzide

Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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21
Q

Hyzaar

Losartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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22
Q

Benicar-HCT

Olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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23
Q

Micardis-HCT

Telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, CAD, volume overload
Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)

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24
Q

Dyazide, Maxzide

Triamterene and hydrochlorothiaizde (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: potassium-sparing diuretic and thiazide diuretic
Common indication: HTN, volume overload
Key side effects: hypokalemia, hyponatremia

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25
Diovan-HCT Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)
Pharmacologic category: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and thiazide diuretic Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, CAD, volume overload Key side effects: hyperkalemia, angioedema, hypokalemia, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy)
26
Aldactone spironolactone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: potassium-sparing diuretic Common indication: HTN, chronic HF, ascites Key side effects: gynecomastia, hyperkalemia US Boxed Warnings: tumorigenic
27
Bumex Bumetanide (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: Loop diuretic Common indication: volume overload Key side effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss
28
Lasix Furosemide (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: Loop diuretic Common indication: volume overload Key side effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss
29
Demadex Torsemide (PO)
Pharmacologic category: loop diuretic Common indication: volume overload Key side effects: hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: fluid and electrolyte loss
30
Tenormin Atenolol (PO)
Pharmacologic category: beta1-selective beta-blocker Common indication: AF (rate control), CAD, HTN Key side effects: bradycardia US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
31
Lopressor Metoprolol tartrate (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: beta1-selective beta-blocker Common indication: AF (rate control), CAD, HTN Key side effects: bradycardia US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
32
Toprol-XL Metoprolol succinate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: beta1-selective beta-blocker Common indication: chronic HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN Key side effects: bradycardia Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
33
Bystolic Nebivolol (PO)
Pharmacologic category: beta1-selective beta blocker Common indication: HTN Key side effects: bradycardia Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
34
Coreg, Coreg CR Carvedilol (PO)
Pharmacologic category: non-selective beta-blocker Common indication: chronic HF, AF (rate control), CAD, HTN Key side effects: bradycardia Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; masked symptoms of hypoglycemia
35
Trandate Labetalol (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: non-selective beta-blocker Common indication: PO: HTN; IV: hypertensive crisis Key side effects: Bradycardia Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
36
Inderal LA, Inderal XL Propranolol (PO)
Pharmacologic category: non-selective beta-blocker Common indication: HTN, CAD Key side effects: bradycardia US Boxed Warnings: avoid abrupt discontinuation Other Notes: masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
37
PO: Catapres; Transdermal: Catapress-TTS Clonidine (PO, transdermal)
Pharmacologic category: alpha2 agonist Common indication: HTN, ADHD Key side effects: xerostomia, drowsiness US Boxed Warnings: avoid epidural use Other Notes: do not discontinue abruptly; taper to reduce rebound HTN
38
Apresoline Hydralazine (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: direct arterial vasodilator Common indication: HTN Key side effects: orthostatic hypotension, drug-induced lupus-like syndrome
39
Dobutamine (IV)
Pharmacologic category: beta1 and beta2 agonist; inotrope Common indication: ADHF, cardiogenic shock Key side effects: tachyarrhythmias Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
40
Adrenalin Epinephrine (IV, IM, subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: beta1, beta2, and alpha1 agonist Common indication: advanced cardiac life support, shock, anaphylaxis, bradycardia Key side effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia, lactic acidosis Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
41
Levophed Norepinephrine (IV)
Pharmacologic category: alpha1 agonist (predominantly), beta1 and beta2 agonist Common indication: shock Key side effects: tachyarrhythmias, peripheral ischemia US Boxed Warning: extravasation (central line administration preferred) Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
42
Ziac Bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide (PO)
Pharmacologic category: beta1 selective beta blocker and thiazide diuretic Common indication: HTN Key side effects: upper respiratory infection, fatigue, rhinitis, arthralgia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
43
Pradaxa Dabigatran (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor Common indication: AF (stroke prevention), VTE Key side effects: bleeding, dyspepsia US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; swallow whole; dispense and store in original packaging; discard 4 months after opening
44
Eliquis Apixaban (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor Common indication: AF (stroke prevention), VTE Key side effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
45
Xarelto Rivaroxaban (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor Common indication: AF (stroke prevention), VTE Key side effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: premature discontinuation increases risk of thrombotic events Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
46
Coumadin, Jantoven warfarin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist Common indication: AF (stroke prevention), VTE Key side effects: bleeding US Boxed warnings: bleeding risk Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drugs (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic monitoring recommended with INR) Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; dose dependent tablet colors; uniform vitamin K intake recommended; many drug interactions
47
Lovenox Enoxaparin (subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant, low molecular weight heparin Common indication: ACS, VTE Key side effects: bleeding, hyperkalemia, HIT US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of epidural or spinal hematoma in patient undergoing spinal puncture Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; do not expel air bubble from syringe prior to injection
48
Heparin (IV, subcutaneous)
Pharmacologic category: anticoagulant Common indication: ACS, VTE Key side effects: bleeding, hyperkalemia, HIT Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
49
Plavix Clopidogrel (PO)
Pharmacologic category: antiplatelet agent Common indication: CAD, stroke Key side effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: diminished effectiveness in poor metabolizers
50
Aggrenox Aspirin and dipyridamole (PO)
Pharmacologic category: antiplatelet agent Common indication: Stroke Key side effects: bleeding, headache
51
Effient Prasugrel (PO)
Pharmacologic category: antiplatelet agent Common indication: CAD Key side effects: bleeding US Boxed Warnings: bleeding risk Other Notes: CI in patients with history of stroke
52
Intracatheter: Cathflo; IV: Activase Alteplase (intracatheter, IV)
Pharmacologic category: fibrinolytic Common indication: Intracatheter: catheter clearance; IV: STEMI, ischemic stroke, PE Key side effects: bleeding Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication, CI in patients with severe uncontrolled HTN
53
Cordarone, Pacerone Amiodarone (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: Antiarrhythmic Common indication: AF, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia Key side effects: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity US Boxed Warnings: life-threatening arrhythmias, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; many drug interactions
54
Betapace sotalol (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: antiarrhythmic Common indication: AF (rhythm control) Key side effects: bradycardia, arrhythmias US Boxed Warnings: life-threatening proarrhythmia
55
Imdur Isosorbide mononitrate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: vasodilator Common indication: CAD Key side effects: headache
56
Nitrostat, NitroQuick Nitroglyercin (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: vasodilator Common indication: CAD Key side effects: headache
57
Welchol Colesevelam (PO)
Pharmacologic category: bile acid sequestrant Common indication: dyslipidemia Key side effects: constipation, dyspepsia
58
Digitek, Digox, Lanoxin Digoxin (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: cardiac glycoside Common indication: AF (rate control), chronic HF Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, visual changes Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication, narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended); signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting and visual changes; many drug interactions
59
Zetia Ezetimibe (PO)
Pharmacologic category: cholesterol absorption inhibitor Common indication: dyslipidemia Key side effects: diarrhea
60
Tricor, Trilipix Fenofibrate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: fibric acid derivative Common indication: dyslipidemia Key side effects: dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases
61
Lipitor Atorvastatin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake
62
Mevacor Lovastatin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake
63
Pravachol Pravastatin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake
64
Crestor Rosuvastatin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake
65
Zocor Simvastatin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key side effects: myopathy/rhabdomyolysis US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake
66
Lovaza Omega-3 fatty acids (PO)
Pharmacologic category: omega-3 fatty acids Common indication: dyslipidemia Key side effects: diarrhea, nausea, dysgeusia, eructation
67
Niaspan Niacin (extended release) (PO)
Pharmacologic category: water-soluble vitamin Common indication: dyslipidemia Key side effects: flushing, pruritus
68
Vytorin Ezetimibe and simvastatin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: cholesterol absorption inhibitor and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Common indication: dyslipidemia, CAD, stroke Key side effects: diarrhea, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis US Boxed Warnings: fetal toxicity Other Notes: avoid excessive grapefruit juice intake
69
Lopid gemfibrozil (PO)
Pharmacologic category: fibric acid derivative Common indication: dyslipidemia Key side effects: dyspepsia, myopathy/rhabdomyolysis, elevated hepatic transaminases

Drugs (11 decks)

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