Infectious Diseases Flashcards by Bianca Resendez

Penicillin V potassium (PO), penicillin G potassium (IV)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (natural penicillin)
Common indications: pharyngitis, SSTI
Activity against: Streptococcus pyogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Amoxicillin (PO)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin)
Common indication: otitis media, pharyngitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Ampicillin (PO, IV)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin)
Common indication: intrapartum group B Streptococcus prophylaxis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Augmentin, Augmentin XR

Amoxicillin and clavulanate (PO)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor
Common indication: otitis media, bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions
Other Notes: various ratios of amoxicillin and clavulanate available

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Unasyn

ampicillin and sulbactam (IV)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor
Common indication: DFI, IAI
Activity against: MSSA, Bacteroides species
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Zosyn

Piperacillin and tazobactam (IV)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor
Common indication: HAP, DFI, IAI
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Oxacillin (IV)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (penicillinase-resistant penicillin)
Common indication: CRBSI, endocarditis, SSTI
Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, elevated hepatic transaminases

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Keflex

Cephalexin (PO)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: SSTI
Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes
key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Ancef, Kefzol

Cefazolin (IV)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery, CRBSI, SSTI
Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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IV: Zinacef; PO: Ceftin

Cefuroxime (IV, PO)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (second generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Omnicef

Cefdinir (PO)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: otitis media, bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Claforan

Cefotaxime (IV)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: meningitis, CAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coil
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Rocephin

Ceftriaxone (IV, IM)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: meningitis, CAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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Maxipime

Cefepime (IV)

Pharmacologic category: beta-lactam antibiotic (fourth generation cephalosporin)
Common indication: meningitis, CAP, HAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Key side effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures, or encephalopathy with excessive doses

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Merrem

Meropenem (IV)

Pharmacologic category: carbapenem
Common indication: meningitis, HAP, DFI, IAI
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures with excessive doses

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Cipro

Ciprofloxacin (PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: fluoroquinolone
Common indication: pyelonephritis, HAP
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, atypicals
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycermias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

Levaquin

Levofloxacin (PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: fluoroquinolone antibiotic
Common indication: Pyelonephritis, CAP
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypical
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

Ophthalmic: Vigamox; PO, IV: Avelox

Moxifloxacin (ophthalmic, PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: fluoroquinolone antibiotic
Common indication: ophthalmic: bacterial conjunctivitis; PO, IV: CAP
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

Zithromax, Z-Pak, Zmax

Azithromycin (PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: macrolide antibiotic
Common indication: CAP
Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals
Key side effects: diarrhea, QTc prolongation

Biaxin, Biaxin XL

Clarithromycin (PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: macrolide antibiotic
Common indication: CAP
Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals
Key side effects: diarrhea, metallic taste, QTc prolongation

Vibramycin, Doryx

Doxycycline (PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: tetracycline antibiotic
Common indication: SSTI, CAP
Activity against: MRSA, atypicals
Key side effects: esophagitis, photosensitivity
Other Notes: may cause permanent gray-brown discoloration of teeth and/or enamel hypoplasia when given to pediatric populations; take oral tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements)

Minocin

Minocycline (PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: tetracycline antibiotic
Common indication: SSTI
Activity against: MRSA
Key side effects: vestibular side effects, photosensitivity
Other Notes: may cause permanent gray-brown discoloration of teeth and/or enamel hypoplasia when given to pediatric populations; take oral tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements)

Cleocin

Clindamycin (PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: lincosamide antibiotic
Common indication: SSTI, pharyngitis
Activity against: MRSA
Key side effects: diarrhea, Clostridium difficile diarrhea
US Boxed Warnings: Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis

Bactrim, Bactrim DS

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (PO, IV)

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Pharmacologic category: sulfonamide antibiotic
Common indication: SSTI
Activity against: MRSA
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes (rarely SJS or TEN), hyperkalemia, increased serum creatinine, hypersensitivity reactions
Other Notes: fixed ratio (8:1) of sulfamethoxazole and trimpethoprim; dosing based on trimpethoprim component

Macrobid nitrofurantoin (PO)

Pharmacologic category: urinary antibiotic Common indication: cystitis Activity against: Escherichia coli Key side effects: nausea, pulmonary fibrosis (chronic use)

Gentamicin (IV)

Pharmacologic category: aminoglycoside antibiotic Common indication: HAP, pyelonephritis, neonatal sepsis Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli Key side effects: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

Vancocin Vancomycin (PO, IV)

Pharmacologic category: glycopeptide antibiotic Common indication: IV: SSTI, HAP, meningitis, endocarditis, CRBSI; PO: CDI Activity against: MRSA, Clostridium difficile Key side effects: nephrotoxicity, Red Man’s syndrome Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication if given intrathecal

Flagyl Metronidazole (PO, IV)

Pharmacologic category: antibiotic Common indication: Anaerobic infections, CDI Activity against: Bacteroides species, Clostridium difficile Key side effects: nausea, metallic taste, alcohol intolerance, peripheral neuropathy (long-term use)

Bactroban Mupirocin (topical)

Pharmacologic category: antibiotic Common indication: MRSA decolonization Key side effects: no major side effects

Lamisil Terbinafine (PO, topical)

Pharmacologic category: allylamine antifungal Common indication: onychomycosis Key side effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated hepatic transaminases

Zovirax Acyclovir (PO, IV)

Pharmacologic category: antiviral Common indication: herpes simplex virus Key side effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases, crystalluria Other Notes: vesicant

Valtrex Valacyclovir (PO)

Pharmacologic category: antiviral Common indication: herpes simplex virus Key side effects: nausea, increased hepatic transaminases

Diflucan Fluconazole (PO, IV)

Pharmacologic category: azole antifungal Common indication: vulvovaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis Key side effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, increased hepatic transaminases

Nizoral Ketoconazole (PO, topical)

Pharmacologic category: azole antifungal Common indication: fungal infections Key side effects: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, increased hepatic transaminases US Boxed Warnings: use only when other effective antifungal therapy is not available or tolerated and the potential benefits are considered to outweight the potential risks; serious hepatotoxicity, including cases with a fatal outcome or requiring liver transplantation, have occurred; may cause QTc prolongation and drug interactions leading to QTc prolongation

Tamiflu Oseltamivir (PO)

Pharmacologic category: neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral Common indication: influenza Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, neuropsychiatric events (e.g., confusion, delirium, hallucinations) in pediatric patients (rare)

Bio-statin Nystatin (PO)

Pharmacologic category: polyene antifungal Common indication: oropharyngeal candidiasis Key side effects: no major side effects

Nystatin (topical)

Pharmacologic category: polyene antifungal Common indication: cutaneous and mucocutaneous fungal infections Key side effects: burning, itching Other notes: only use oral solutions for thrush

Mycamine Micafungin (IV)

Pharmacologic category: eichinocandin antifungal Common indication: invasive candidiasis Key side effects: no major side effects

Lotrisone Clotrimazole and betamethasone (topical)

Pharmacologic category: glucocorticoid and azole antifungal Common indication: cutaneous fungal infections Key side effects: burning, itching, dryness, skin atrophy Other notes: do not use for diaper dermatitis; adrenal suppression with long-term use over large areas of skin

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

(39 cards)