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Neurological and Psychiatric Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Remeron

mirtazapine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: alpha2 antagonist
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, weight gain, xerostomia, increased appetite, constipation
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults

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2
Q

Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL

bupropion (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: tachycardia, headache, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, weight loss
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults; serious neuropsychiatric reactions have occurred
Other Notes: use may increase risk of seizures (CI in patients with seizure disorders and/or eating disorders)

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3
Q

Strattera

atomoxetine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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4
Q

Pristiq

desvenlafaxine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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5
Q

Cymbalta

duloxetine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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6
Q

Effexor, Effexor XR

venlafaxine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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7
Q

Savella

milnacipran (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
Common indication: fibromyalgia
Key side effects: headache, xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, decreased appetite, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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8
Q

Celexa

citalopram (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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9
Q

Prozac

fluoxetine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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10
Q

Lexapro

escitalopram (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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11
Q

Paxil

paroxetine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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12
Q

Zoloft

sertraline (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, xerostomia, sexual dysfunction, headache
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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13
Q

Desyrel

trazodone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Common indication: insomnia, MDD
Key side effects: sedation, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea
US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults

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14
Q

Viibryd

vilazodone (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/5-HT1a partial agonist
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: headache, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, insomnia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults

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15
Q

Elavil

amitriptyline (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressants (TDA)
Common indication: MDD, diabetic neuropathy, migraine prophylaxis
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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16
Q

Tofranil

imipramine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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17
Q

Pamelor

nortriptyline (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: MDD
Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, xerostomia
US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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18
Q

Silenor

doxepin (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: tricyclic antidepressant
Common indication: insomnia
Key side effects: somnolence, sedation, nausea
Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; do not discontinue abruptly

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19
Q

Cogentin

benztropine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: anticholinergic
Common indication: Parkinson’s disease
Key side effects: blurred vision, confusion, constipation, dry mouth, sedation, urinary retention

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20
Q

Aricept

donepezil (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: cholinesterase inhibitor
Common indication: dementia
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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21
Q

Exelon

rivastigmine (PO, transdermal)

A

Pharmacologic category: cholinesterase inhibitor
Common indication: dementia
Key side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness

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22
Q

Focalin XR

dexmethylphenidate (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse
Other Notes: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems

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23
Q

Adderall, Adderall XR

dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD, narcolepsy
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: high potential for abuse
Other Notes: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems

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24
Q

Vyvanse

lisdexamfetamine (PO)

A

Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant
Common indication: ADHD
Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension
US Boxed Warnings: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems

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25
Concerta, Metadate, Ritalin methylphenidate (PO)
Pharmacologic category: CNS stimulant Common indication: ADHD, narcolepsy Key side effects: insomnia, headache, anxiety, weight loss, decreased appetite, hypertension US Boxed Warnings: may increase cardiovascular events in patients with underlying heart problems
26
Mirapex pramipexole (PO)
Pharmacologic category: dopamine agonist Common indication: Parkinson's disease, RLS Key side effects: nausea, hallucinations, peripheral edema, compulsive behaviors
27
Requip ropinirole (PO)
Pharmacologic category: dopamine agonist Common indication: Parkinson's disease, RLS Key side effects: nausea, hallucinations, peripheral edema, compulsive behaviors
28
Namenda memantine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist Common indication: dementia Key side effects: constipation, confusion, dizziness, headache
29
Intuniv guanfacine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: selective alpha2a agonist Common indication: ADHD, HTN Key side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, sedation, skin rash
30
Sinemet, Sinemet CR carbidopa and levodopa (PO)
Pharmacologic category: decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa), dopamine precursor (levodopa) Common indication: Parkinson's disease Key side effects: nausea, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias Other Notes: CI within 14 days of MAOI; CI in narrow-angle glaucoma
31
Lithobid lithium (PO)
Pharmacologic category: antimanic agent Common indication: bipolar disorder Key side effects: tremor, acne, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia US Boxed Warnings: ability to promptly monitor levels is necessary Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended)
32
Imitrex sumatriptran (PO, intranasal, subcutaneous, transdermal)
Pharmacologic category: antimigraine Common indication: migraine Key side effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness
33
Maxalt, Maxalt MLT rizatriptan (PO)
Pharmacologic category: antimigraine Common indication: migraine Key side effects: fatigue, somnolence, dizziness, chest tightness
34
Haldol haloperidol (PO, IV, IM)
Pharmacologic category: first-generation antipsychotic Common indication: schizophrenia Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, QTc prolongation US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
35
Clozaril clozapine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic Common indication: treatment-resistant schizophrenia Key side effects: sedation, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, sialorrhea US Boxed Warnings: may cause severe neutropenia; may cause orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, and syncope; may cause seizures; may cause fatal myocarditis and cardiomyopathy; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death Other Notes: risk of neutropenia requires monitoring of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to receive prescription
36
Latuda lurasidone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar depression Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
37
PO: Abilify; IM: Abilify Maintena aripiprazole (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolscents and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
38
Seroquel, Seroquel XR quetiapine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension US Boxed Warnings: antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults; elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
39
Zyprexa olanzapine (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: Second-generation antipsychotic Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
40
PO: Risperdal, IM: Risperdal Consta risperidone (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
41
Geodon ziprasidone (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic Common indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD (adjunct to antidepressants) Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
42
PO: Invega; IM: Invega Sustenna paliperidone (PO, IM)
Pharmacologic category: second-generation antipsychotic Common indication: schizophrenia Key side effects: sedation, EPS, xerostomia, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs at increased risk of death
43
Tegretol carbamazepine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorder Key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, hyponatremia US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatologic reactions (including SJS and TEN) in patients with certain genetic predisposition (presence of HLA-B*1502 allele); may cause aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
44
Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene divalproex (valproic acid derivative) (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis Key side effects: drowsiness, weight gain, tremor, hair loss, thrombocytopenia US Boxed Warnings: may cause hepatic failure resulting in fatality; may cause life-threatening pancreatitis; fetal toxicity (pregnancy category X for migraines and category D for seizures/bipolar disorder)
45
Keppra levetiracetam (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness
46
Zonegran zonisamide (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness
47
Trileptal oxcarbazepine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, weakness, hyponatremia
48
Phenobarbital (PO, IM, IV)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness
49
Dilantin phenytoin (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism Other Notes: narrow therapeutic index drug (toxicity may occur at concentrations close to therapeutic range; therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended)
50
Mysoline primidone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, ataxia
51
Neurontin gabapentin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders, neuropathic pain Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision
52
Lamictal lamotrigine (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders, bipolar disorders key side effects: nausea, vomiting, somnolence, skin rash US Boxed Warnings: risk of serious dermatological reactions, including SJS
53
Topamax topiramate (PO)
Pharmacological category: anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders, migraine prophylaxis Key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, diplopia, ataxia, memory impairment, weight loss
54
Buspar buspirone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: anti anxiety agent Common indications: anxiety key side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
55
Xanax alprazolam (PO)
Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine Common indication: anxiety Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
56
Klonopin clonazepam (PO)
Pharmacologic category; benzodiazepine Common indication: anxiety, seizure disorders Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
57
Valium diazepam (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine Common indication: anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
58
Ativan lorazepam (PO, IV)
Pharmacologic category: anxiety, seizure disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication; parenteral formulation contains propylene glycol and may be associated with toxicity if used >= 48 hours
59
Versed midazolam (IV)
Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine Common indication: anesthesia, sedation Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
60
Restoril temazepam (PO)
Pharmacologic category: benzodiazepine Common indication: anxiety, insomnia Key side effects: daytime sedation, performance impairment, tolerance, dependence, anterograde amnesia, withdrawal Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
61
Lunesta eszopiclone (PO)
Pharmacologic category: hypnotic Common indication: insomnia Key side effects: decreased ability to function the next morning, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); contraindicated in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors
62
Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo zolpidem (PO)
Pharmacologic category: hypnotic Common indication: insomnia Key side effects: decreased ability to function the next norming, somnolence, headache, dizziness, xerostomia, anterograde amnesia US Boxed Warning: serious injuries, including death, have occurred because of complex sleep behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep driving, and engaging in other activities while not fully awake); contraindicated in patients with history of complex sleep behaviors
63
Diprivan propofol (IV)
Pharmacologic category: sedative, anticonvulsant Common indication: sedation for mechanical ventilation, procedural anesthesia, status epilepticus Key side effects: hypotension, hypertriglyceridemia, propofol-related infusion syndrome (rare) Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
64
Precedex dexmedetomidine (IV)
Pharmacologic category: alpha2 agonist, sedative Common Indication: sedation for mechanical ventilation or procedures Key Side effects: bradycardia, hypotension Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication
65
Lyrica pregabalin (PO)
Pharmacologic category: Anticonvulsant Common indication: seizure disorders, neuropathic pain key side effects: somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, diplopia, xerostomia, blurry vision

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