Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Abi Biology 2017 > Cardiovascular Diseases > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Diseases Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are cardiovascular diseases?

A

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are congenital diseases?

A

Cardiovascular diseases that are inherited from parents (hereditary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main causes of cardiovascular diseases?

A

They can be congenital

They can be caused by poor life choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of lifestyle choices can cause a cardiovascular disease?

A 
A diet high in fat
Smoking
Excessive alcohol intake
Stress
Not enough exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are five cardiovascular diseases?

A 
Hypertension
Hypotension
Stroke
Heart attack
Arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What two heart conditions involve blood pressure?

A

Hypertension

Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force that is exerted by the circulating blood on the blood vessels walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does blood pressure reach its maximum?

A

When the ventricles contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is this maximum blood pressure called?

A

Systolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does blood pressure reach its minimum?

A

When the cardiac muscle is relaxed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is this minimum pressure called?

A

Diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What instrument measures blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does a sphygmomanometer measure blood pressure?

A

The height of a column of mercury indicates the pressure in the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What unit is used to measure blood pressure?

A

Millimetre Mercury

mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal blood pressure of a resting, healthy adult?

A

120 mmHg systolic

80 mmHg diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is blood pressure written?

A

As systolic pressure over diastolic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kinds of things can influence blood pressure?

A

Stress
Medication
Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is high blood pressure?

A

When there is an abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries fro a considerable time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is high blood pressure also known as?

A

The silent killer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is hypertension called the silent killer?

A

Because clear symptoms of the condition are not always evident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can high blood pressure cause?

A

Damaged blood vessels
A stroke
A heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How can hypertension be treated?

A

Medication

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is hypotension?

A

Low blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is low blood pressure?
The opposite of high blood pressure
26
What are symptoms of low blood pressure?
Weakness | Dizziness
27
What is a stroke?
A loss of brain function
28
How does a stroke occur?
When there is a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain
29
What can cause a shortage of oxygen supply to the brain?
A blood clot that blocks a blood vessel
30
What does a blood clot in a blood vessel which leads to the brain cause?
Bleeding in the brain tissue
31
What can a stroke lead to?
Paralysis of one or more limbs (usually on one side of the body) Speech impediments (either understanding or communication) Partial blindness Permanent neurological damage, complications and death
32
What is an aneurysm?
A localised blood-filled bubble
33
What raises the risk of a stroke?
``` Advanced age High blood pressure Diabetes High cholesterol Smoking ```
34
What is a heart attack?
When the supply of blood to the cardiac muscle is interrupted
35
What happens when the supply of blood that leads to the heart is interrupted?
Part of the cardiac muscle tissue dies
36
Which arteries transport oxygen to the cardiac muscle?
Coronary
37
What is atherosclerosis?
When arteries narrow because of fat deposits in their walls
38
What kind of fat is usually responsible for atherosclerosis?
Cholesterol
39
What are blood clots made of?
Blood cells
40
What is another name for blood clots?
Thrombi
41
What is one way in which thrombi form?
When artery walls are narrowed due to atherosclerosis | Blood cells accumulate in these openings
42
What is coronary thrombosis?
Blood clots which form in a coronary artery
43
What is thrombosis?
The formation of blood clots
44
What is the singular form of thrombi?
Thrombus
45
What is a coronary embolism?
When a blood clot forms in another part of the body And breaks off Travels to the coronary artery And causes a blockage there
46
What is angina?
When the coronary arteries are only partially blocked
47
What are symptoms of angina?
Chest pain | Shortness of breath during exercise and times of stress
48
What can angina mean?
It can be the precursor to a heart attack
49
What is arrhythmia?
Any disturbance in the rhythm of the heartbeat
50
What may have to happen if a person has arrhythmia?
They might need a pacemaker
51
What does a pacemaker do?
Sends electrical impulses to the heart instead of the SA node
52
What other issue could a person have with their heart?
Their valves might be inefficient
53
What happens if a person's valves have a problem?
They may need a valve replacement
54
What are five possible treatments of cardiovascular diseases?
``` Medication Angioplasty Bypass operation Heart transplant Stent ```
55
What could medication do to improve a cardiovascular disease?
Dissolve a blood clot Thins the blood (which prevents the formation of new clots) Controls high blood pressure
56
What is angioplasty?
A procedure that is carried out To stretch a narrowed artery And remove the blockage
57
What is a bypass operation?
A surgical procedure
58
What happens during a bypass operation?
A blood vessels is cut from another part of the body (often the leg) And is used to create an alternative route for blood to flow around the blocked part of the artery
59
What is a stent?
A procedure where an inflatable balloon is used to open up a blocked blood vessel
60
What is a heart transplant?
An operation where an unhealthy heart is removed from a person's body and replaced with a healthy heart
61
Where are some possible places that a heart transplant could come from?
A dead donor A brain dead donor A pig Could be replaced by a machine
62
What is a brain dead person?
Someone who is kept alive artificially by machines | Their brain has not shown any activity for a certain amount of time
63
What is a possible risk of having a heart transplant? (in addition to those of any operation)
The body could reject the new heart | This means the immune system will attack it like a pathogen

Abi Biology 2017 (57 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions