Cardiovascular Disorders

Question 1

CO = ___ x ____

Answer 1

heart rate x stroke volume

Question 2

Disease: lack of adequate blood flow to periphery; have LE wounds

Answer 2

arterial insufficiency

Question 3

Disease: inadequate drainage of venous blood causing edema, skin abnormalities and ulcerations

Answer 3

Venous Insufficiency

Question 4

Neuropathic Ulcers: describe wounds

Answer 4

well-defined oval/circle
dry & inelastic shiny skin
good granulation, low-mod exudate

Question 5

selective vs. non-selective debridement

Answer 5

selective: necrotic tissue removal in a controlled way
nonselective: removes all tissue, both necrotic and living (controversial)

Question 6

right sided heart valves (2)

Answer 6

tricuspid & pulmonary

Question 7

left sided heart valves (2)

Answer 7

mitral & aortic

Question 8

disease: abnormal collection of lymph fluid in soft tissues

Answer 8

lymphedema

Question 9

s/s: swelling & heaviness in all aspects of extremities, usually unilat; can lose function

Answer 9

lymphedema

Question 10

Lymphedema Precautions

Answer 10

avoid heat & compression
no needle sticks or BP cuffs on affected side

Question 11

disease: acute bacterial infection of peripheral lymph vessels

Answer 11

Lymphangitis

Question 12

S/S: red streak, chills, fever, malaise, cellulitis, leukocytosis

Answer 12

Lymphangitis

Question 13

disease: symmetrical swelling of both legs; caused by deposits of subcutaneous adipose tissue

Answer 13

Lipedema

Question 14

disease: Epstein-Barr virus affects B-lymphocytes; airborne fluid transmission

Answer 14

infectious mononucleosis (“Mono”)

Question 15

s/s: sore throat, headache, fatigue, malaise, enlarged lymph nodes & spleen, inc. lymphocytes

Answer 15

infectious mononucleosis

Question 16

disease: lymphocytes origin that spreads to nodes and various organs (affect T lymph.)

Answer 16

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Question 17

s/s: enlarged painless cervical lymph nodes, enlarged spleen, anorexia, anemia, infections, fatigue

Answer 17

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Question 18

disease: B-lymphocyte origin resembling leukemia w/ non-organized metastasis

Answer 18

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomad

Question 19

disease: mature B lymphocytes replace bone marrow and erode bone; impaired blood cell and antibody production

Answer 19

multiple myeloma

Question 20

disease: inflamed artery with fast onset

Answer 20

arteritis

Question 21

disease: artherosclerosis in arteries of brain

Answer 21

cerebrovascular disease (CVD)

Question 22

disease: mixing of oxygenated & de-oxygenated blood; often newborns

Answer 22

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 23

disease: atherosclerosis & thromboembolic processes of peripheral arteries

Answer 23

peripheral artery disease

Question 24

s/s: kidney function damage, GI symptoms, claudication w/ exertion, gangrene, trophic changes; (common in diabetics)

Answer 24

peripheral artery disease

Question 25

disease: peripheral vascular disease (arterial or venous); characterized by cold sensitivity & often people with CT disorders

Answer 25

Raynaud's disease

Question 26

disease: inflammation w/ thrombosis causing decreased blood supply to hands/feet

Answer 26

Buerger's disease

Question 27

disease: damaged veins and valves in LEs which prevents blood flow back to heart

Answer 27

chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)

Question 28

s/s: leg edema, varicose veins, aching, cramps, itching, redness, skin ulcers on LEs

Answer 28

chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)

Question 29

disease: inflammation and clotting of veins

Answer 29

thrombophlebitis & DVT

Question 30

s/s: fever, tenderness/pain, erythema, potential pulmonary embolism

Answer 30

thrombophlebitis & DVT

Question 31

types of WBCs released in allergic responses (2)

Answer 31

basophils & eusinophils

Question 32

disease: reduction of O2 transport b/c low RBCs and iron

Answer 32

anemia

Question 33

s/s: fatigue, chest pain, dyspnea, pallor, low hemoglobin

Answer 33

anemia

Question 34

disease: malignant neoplasm of blood cells/blood forming organs

Answer 34

leukemia

Question 35

when body can't supply enough oxygen to body's tissues, causes ____ or _____

Answer 35

hypovolemic shock and organ failure

Question 36

disease: arteries narrow and develop atherosclerosis due to fat-containing placque

Answer 36

coronary artery disease

Question 37

s/s: SOB, sweating, pain in L chest/shoulder/jaw/neck

Answer 37

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Question 38

disease: chest pain caused by ischemia to myocardium

Answer 38

angina pectoris

Question 39

s/s or causes: severe, sharp and sudden (dyspnea, irregular HR); upon overexertion, emotional stress, temp/humidity extremes (2)

Answer 39

angina pectoris myocardial infarction

Question 40

disease: death of heart muscle segment b/c coronary artery occlusion

Answer 40

myocardial infarction

Question 41

disease: unexpected cessation of cardiac activity

Answer 41

cardiac arrest

Question 42

disease: deviations from normal sinus rhythm of SA node

Answer 42

arrhythmia

Question 43

s/s: palpitations, tachy/bradycardia, skipped heartbeats, syncope, fatigue

Answer 43

arrhythmia

Question 44

disease: inability of heart to pump enough blood to meet body's demands

Answer 44

congestive heart failure

Question 45

s/s: dependent LE edema, enlarged spleen, liver, belly; dec. CO, headache, distended neck veins

Answer 45

R ventricle CHF

Question 46

s/s: pulmonary edema, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, dec. CO, renal failure

Answer 46

L ventricle CHF

Question 47

disease: hypertrophy of R ventricle b/c altered lung structure or function

Answer 47

cor pulmonale/pulm. heart disease

Question 48

s/s: progressive SOB, fatigue, LE edema, dizzy, syncope, palpitations, atypical chest pain

Answer 48

cor pulmonale/ pulm. heart disease

Question 49

disease: heart disease leading to myocardium hypertrophy & ventricular dysfunction

Answer 49

cardiomyopathy

Question 50

disease types include: dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive

Answer 50

cardiomyopathy

Question 51

disease: bacterial infection of heart's lining (endocardium) and often valves

Answer 51

endocarditis

Question 52

disease: inflammation of myocardium from viruses & parasites

Answer 52

myocarditis

Question 53

disease types include: stenosis, prolapse, insufficiency

Answer 53

valve diseases

Question 54

disease: localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel

Answer 54

aneurysm

Question 55

disease: weakness in vessel wall cause pulsations near naval and LBP

Answer 55

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 56

disease: hardening of arteries b/c fatty cholesterol plaques

Answer 56

atherosclerosis

Question 57

disease: primary high BP; names norm and stages

Answer 57

hypertension norm <120/80 elevated 120-129 stage 1- >130 stage 2 >140 crisis: >180

Question 58

absolute indications to terminate stress test

Answer 58

drop in systolic BP >10; mod-severe angina inc. nervous system symptoms poor perfusion signs sustained ventricular tachycardia

Question 59

relative indications to terminate stress test

Answer 59

> 2 mm "ST" depression (EKG) arrhythmias fatigue, SOB, wheezing, leg cramp, claudication, chest pain HTN response

Question 60

surgery: donor vessel used to bypass occluded vessel

Answer 60

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Question 61

sternal precautions (3)

Answer 61

no push/pull with 1 arm (so use walker) no lifting > 5 lbs~ no arms overhead

Question 62

surgery: balloon at end of catheter inflated in problem area to widen artery's lumen w/ stent

Answer 62

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Question 63

sympathetic NS releases (2) and HR effect

Answer 63

norepinephrine, epinephrine; tachycardia

Question 64

parasympathetic NS releases (1) and HR effect

Answer 64

acetylcholine bradycardia

Question 65

P wave action

Answer 65

atrial depolarization (neuron excitability)

Question 66

QRS complex action

Answer 66

ventricular depolarization (excitability) & atrial repolarization(relaxation)

Question 67

T wave action

Answer 67

ventricular repolarization (relaxation)