Respiratory System/Diseases

Question 1

-ectasis (root word)

Answer 1

dilation/widening

Question 2

-capnia (root word)

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide

Question 3

inhalation: pressures & agonist muscles
(also forced inhalation muscles)

Answer 3

positive atmospheric pressure and negative pressure in lungs
diaphragm & external intercostals
forced inhalation: accessory muscles

Question 4

exhalation: pressures & agonist muscles

Answer 4

positive intra-alveolar/lung pressure & negative atmospheric pressure
abdominals and intercostals

Question 5

reflex that delays start of next inhalation causing apnea
- receptors activated when lung overinflated

Answer 5

Hering-Breuer reflex

Question 6

reflex activated when stimulus affects carina
-cause bronchi constriction and high speed exhalation

Answer 6

cough reflex

Question 7

Name 2 types of pleura & where located

Answer 7

visceral: thin on top of lung tissue
parietal: thicker outermost layer

Question 8

Eupnea breaths per minute?

Answer 8

12-20 bpm

Question 9

irregular depth of inhalation/exhalation with bouts of apnea (in dying pts. or CHF)

Answer 9

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Question 10

max amount of air that can be exhaled following max inhalation

Answer 10

vital capacity (IRV + TV + ERV)

Question 11

amount of air remaining in lungs after normal tidal exhalation

Answer 11

functional residual capacity (ERV + RV)

Question 12

breath sounds: discontinuous sounds b/c fluid in alveoli, “popping”

Answer 12

rales/crackles

Question 13

breath sounds: low-pitched gurgling

Answer 13

rhonchi

Question 14

breath sounds: high pitched whistling with expiration

Answer 14

wheezes

Question 15

What types of meds are used to treat Resp. diseases?

Answer 15

antibiotics
antimicrobials
anti-inflammatories (corticosteroids)
bronchodilators
diuretics
humidification

Question 16

Names examples of PT interventions for resp. conditions

Answer 16

postural drainage
airway clearance techniques( percussion, vibration)
coughing & huffing techniques
breathing exercises

Question 17

disease: inflammation of alveoli and small bronchi, usually due to bacterial infection

Answer 17

pneumonia

Question 18

s/s: fever, chills, dyspnea, hyperventilation, mucopurulent sputum, productive cough, rales/crackles, chest pain with movement

Answer 18

pneumonia

Question 19

disease: bacterial lung disease w/ airborne transmission; characterized by granulomas and caseous necrosis

Answer 19

pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 20

s/s: productive cough, fever & chills, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, (risk- immunocompromised, unsanitary conditions)

Answer 20

pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 21

disease: type of pneumonia from bacteria from water storage tanks; affects immunocompromised, diabetic, renal diseased

Answer 21

Legionnaire’s Disease

Question 22

disease: acute viral infection of lower respiratory tract affecting infants

Answer 22

bronchiolitis

Question 23

disease: respiratory distress syndrome affecting immature infants; no surfactant causes alveoli to deflate

Answer 23

brochopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Question 24

s/s: respiratory distress, cyanosis, tachypnea, dyspnea, O2 dependancy, no sputum

Answer 24

bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Question 25

disease: acute, reversible, inflammatory obstructive pulmonary condition that causes inflammation of bronchial mucosa

Answer 25

asthma

Question 26

s/s: bronchospasms, wheezing, dyspnea, prolonged expiratory phase, dry nonproductive cough that progresses to productive cough, excess mucous

Answer 26

asthma

Question 27

disease: hereditary disease affecting pancreatic enzymes and malfunction of mucous membranes, causing lung abnormalities and excessive mucous production

Answer 27

cystic fibrosis

Question 28

s/s: malnutrition, excessive/thick mucous production in lungs, risk for chronic pulmonary infections, productive cough, dyspnea, wheezing, high Na sweat

Answer 28

cystic fibrosis

Question 29

disease: obstruction caused by tissue changes that decreases alveoli surface area for gas exchange

Answer 29

emphysema

Question 30

s/s: hyperventilation, barrel-chested, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, clubbed fingers

Answer 30

emphysema

Question 31

disease: chronic inflammation dx after 3 consec. months or 2 years of productive cough with increased mucous

Answer 31

chronic bronchitis

Question 32

s/s: productive cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, dependent edema (R CHF), bronchiectasis, wheezing

Answer 32

chronic bronchitis

Question 33

disease: dilation of bronchi; develops after CF, COPD, infections

Answer 33

bronchiectasis

Question 34

disease: loss of lung compliance resulting in hypoxemia

Answer 34

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 35

disease: environmentally-induced diseases from asbestos, silicone, coal dust

Answer 35

pnemoconoises

Question 36

disease: area of lung tissue is suddenly deprived of oxygen; blockages b/c fat deposits, air or bone

Answer 36

pulmonary embolism

Question 37

s/s: intense pleural pain, dyspnea, cyanosis, coughing, tachypnea, accentuated S2 sounds, cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 37

pulmonary embolism

Question 38

disease: high BP within pulmonary arteries b/c narrowing d/t hypertrophy and fibrous legions

Answer 38

pulmonary hypertension

Question 39

s/s: fatigue, chest discomfort, pain, weakness, peripheral edema, syncope, abdominal distention, SOB

Answer 39

pulmonary hypertension

Question 40

disease: enlargement of R ventricle b/c pulmonary HTN

Answer 40

cor pulmonale

Question 41

s/s: chronic productive cough, fatigue, weak, wheezing, dyspnea upon exertion; develops from COPD or PE

Answer 41

cor pulmonale

Question 42

disease: fluid collects in alveoli and interstitial tissue (a complication of other diseases)

Answer 42

pulmonary edema

Question 43

s/s: coughing, orthopnea, rales, hemoptysis, frothy sputum, dyspnea, hypoxemia

Answer 43

pulmonary edema

Question 44

disease: whole or partly collapsed lungs, alveoli deflate and mediastinum shifts

Answer 44

atelectasis

Question 45

s/s: cyanosis, dyspnea, anxiety, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypoxemia signs, dec. chest expansion, absence of breath sounds, intercostal retractions, fever

Answer 45

atelectasis

Question 46

disease: excessive collection of fluid or blood in pleural cavity

Answer 46

pleural effusion/ hydrothorax (hemothorax)

Question 47

s/s: dyspnea on exertion, chest pain, tachypnea, tachycardia, pleural friction rub or asymptomatic

Answer 47

pleural effusion/hydrothorax

Question 48

disease: collection of air in pleural cavity that causes lung collapse and mediastinum shift

Answer 48

pneumothorax

Question 49

disease: inflammation of membranes (pleura) covering lung; bacterial or viral

Answer 49

pleuritis

Question 50

s/s: sharp pain that worsens with cough & inspiration, friction rub upon auscultation

Answer 50

pleuritis

Question 51

disease: loss of chest structure b/c fractures or atelectasis

Answer 51

flail chest

Question 52

disease: rapid lung failure that leads to cardiopulmonary failure

Answer 52

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 53

s/s: SOB, tachycardia, cyanosis, hyperventilation, fatigue (trauma, disease cause)

Answer 53

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 54

when serum sodium levels are too high; or too low

Answer 54

hypernatremia hyponatremia

Question 55

when chloride ions in blood are too elevated; or too few

Answer 55

hyperchloremia hypochloremia

Question 56

when potassium levels are too high; or too low

Answer 56

hyperkalemia hypokalemia

Question 57

electrolytes that dissociate in water and release hydrogens

Answer 57

acids

Question 58

electrolytes that release ions and combine with hydrogen ions

Answer 58

bases

Question 59

normal pH range

Answer 59

7.35-7.45

Question 60

normal partial pressure of oxygen

Answer 60

80-100 mm Hg

Question 61

normal partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Answer 61

35-45 mm Hg

Question 62

normal bicarbonate levels

Answer 62

22-26 mEq/L

Question 63

Acid/Base level: high PaCO2; from airway obstruction, low blood plasma pH

Answer 63

respiratory acidosis

Question 64

acid/base level: low PaCO2; inc. alveolar ventilation and thus hyperventilation (anxiety, fever, high altitude)

Answer 64

respiratory alkalosis

Question 65

acid/base level: high HCO3-; s/s: hypoventilation, vomiting, confusion, ingestion of antacids

Answer 65

metabolic alkalosis

Question 66

acid/base level: low HCO3- needed to buffer; acid accumulation in body or loss of bases; causes: renal failure, ketosis, starvation etc

Answer 66

metabolic acidosis