Cardiovascular III Flashcards by Vanessa Woody

____Cell has Electronegativity

• Heart

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• Type of depolarization of cell varies depending on _____

type of cell.

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_____ cells Make up conduction pathway of the heart

Fast response cells

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_____ cells are found in the atrial, ventricle, and purkinje fiber cells

Fast response cells

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_____ cells are found in the SA and AV node cells

Slow response cells

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____ cells are Are pacemaker cells

Slow response cells

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Slow response cells Have a resting membrane potential that is _____ than fast response cells

less negative

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The _____, _____, and ____ is more gradual in slow response cells

slope of upstroke of phase 0, the amplitude, and the extent of overshoot

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____ and _____ determine how fast the AP is propagated

 Slope and amplitude

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_____ is more likely to be blocked in slow response cells

o Impulse conduction

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The___ helps to control the pacemaker activity

slope

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____ cells work to develop a rhythmic beat

Slow response cells

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____ cells need to generate electrical activity throughout the heart so that beating can occur

Fast response cells

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_____ cells have a more quick depolarization or phase 0

fast response cells

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____ cells have more of a a slight down up stroke in phase 1

fast response cells

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____ cells phase 2 or plateau is steady and then drops

fast response cells

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_____ cells have a more gradual decreases in the plateau or phase 2

Slow response cells

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the action potential serves to cause ____ of the cell

contraction

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_____ causes resting of the cell

repolarization

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_____ is before the muscle achieves. full contraction

depolarization

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action potential can. influence the release of _____ in a cell

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____ are Cells that are throughout the rest of the heart that need to generate an electrical activity so that beating can occur

Fast response cells

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_____ cells develop the rhythmic beat

slow response cells

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____ cells have a more quick phase 0 or depolarization

Fast response cells

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_____ cells have a more slow phase 0 or upstroke

- slow response cells

_____ cells have a more steady drop in phase 2 or the plateau

- Fast response cells

repolarization => _____ of the heart

relaxation

Depolarization => _____ of the heart

contraction

pacemaker cells are designed to control the_____ of the heart

rhythm

in a pacemaker action potential: The slope of the line in the beginning helps to control the ______for the cell

pacemaker activity

the result of hyperkalemia can cause s/s in the_____, _____, and ___ systems

neuromuscular, cardiac, and GI

in hyperkalemia the most concerning is the impairment of ______

cardiac conduction

in hyperkalemia increased extracellular potassium levels => elevated _____= a lot of K outside the cell

RMP

hyperkalemia affects the ability to have a_____

fast AP (phase 0)

hyperkalemia causes a more _____RMP

positive

K causes increase of more _____ RMP => effects of Na channels => Na not able to move inside and outside the cell => impairment of cells to ____=> can’t get to _____ or _____ => effects the ___ and ___-of the heart

- positive - generate AP - phase 0 or depolarization - rhythm and beating

During the phase 0 of a cardiac action potential there is an increase conductance => a lot of movement of ____into the cell => ___ then moves outside the cell => ____ move into the cell

- Na - K - Ca

in the cardiac action potential the movement of ions is going to ____ throughout each of these phase

change

- Phase 0 = ____-

Depolarization

There is a rapid depolarization due to the fast movement of Na

phase 0 or Depolarization

Phase 0 is a rapid depolarization due to the fast movement of ____

in a cardiac AP rhe ability of the cell to open the fast Na+ channels is related to the membrane potential at the movement of _____

excitation

in phase 0 the channels are opened by excitation => large _____

influx of Na+

in a cardiac AP if the membrane potential is at baseline (-85 mV) what happens to the channels?

all the fast Na+ channels close

in a cardiac AP rapid opening of ____ responsible for the increase movement of Na

m gates

in a cardiac AP _____closure = end of phase 0

H gates

in a cardiac AP Phase 1 is known as _____

After Porlization

the After Porlization phase it involves the movement of ____ out of the cell and the inactivation of the ____-

- K+ | - fast Na+ channels

the After Porlization phase occurs when potential difference =____

in which phase do you see a transient net outward current is developed

After Porlization

in theAfter Porlization phase a transient net outward current is developed => the small ____ of the AP

downward deflection

Phase 2 is known as the ____

Plateau Phase

during the Plateau Phase there is a movement of ____ into and out of the cell and the movement of ___- out of the cell

- Calcium | - K+

o Due to balance between inward movement of Ca++ through L-type calcium channels and outward movement of K+ through the slow delay rectifier potassium channels

Plateau Phase

- Phase 3 is known as the ____ phase

Repolarization

___ phase describes a different movement of ____ into and out of the cell

K+

during the ___ phase the L-type Ca++ channels close, while potassium channels still stay open

Repolarization

the ____ phase ensures a net outward current – negative charge in membrane potential

Repolarization

during the repolarization phase the delayed rectifier K+ channels (Ito) close when ____

membrane potential is restored to -80 - -85mV

- Phase 4 is known as the ____-

Resting Membrane Potential

___ phase involves the movement of K+ into and out of the cell

Resting Membrane Potential

____ is the period that the cell remains in until it is stimulated by another AP

Resting Membrane Potential

____ phase is associated with diastole

Resting Membrane Potential

_____closed during phase 4

M gates

- When the cells can no longer be excitable until the cell is partially repolarized

refractory periods

what are the 2 types of refractory periods

o Effective | o Relative

the ____ period is from the beginning of AP until another

o Effective

during the ___ period you cannot generate another AP

effective refractory period

the effective refractory period is due to some ___, ___m and ___gates open

Na+ m and h gates

____ period is when an AP is evoked when only when there is a strong stimulus

o Relative

during the ____ period all Na+ channels are open

o Relative

during the ____ period you can have an AP but is more difficult

o Relative

in ____fibers the relative refractory period extends longer

slow response

in the relative refractory period if the impulse that happen too early may result in_____

slow conduction

the____ in slow response cells is due to Ca being maintained in the cell & not allowing the cell to fully relax

longer RRP

If you effect the RRP or cause it to be extended out or shorten the cell will be more difficult to ____ => cardiac arrhythmias

depolarize

Cardiovascular III Flashcards

(76 cards)