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Cardiovascular Nursing part 1 Flashcards

Anatomy, Types of shock, Aneurysm, Vascular Insufficiency (Arterial,Venous), [Arterioslcerosis Obliterans, Reynauds, Varicose Veins, DVT/VTE], Buerger's Disease (79 cards)

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1
Q

What is the normal blood volume in the blood vessels?

A

5 - 6 liters of blood

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2
Q

Type of shock wherein there is decreased blood volume

A

Hypovolemic Shock

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3
Q

Type of shock when the heart is the problem (decreased pumping ability)

A

Cardiogenic Shock

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4
Q

Causes of Cardiogenic Shock

A
  1. Coronary Causes (CAD, MI)
  2. Non-coronary Causes (Congenital HD, Rheumatic HD, etc.)
  3. Obstructive Shock (no HD, but heart is naipit/compressed)
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5
Q

3 types of Distributive / Circulatory Shock

A

a. Septic Shock (infection)
b. Anaphylactic shock (allergy)
c. Neurogenic Shock (spinal cord injury)

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6
Q

The only shock that does not cause tachycardia. As it causes Bradycardia!

A

Neurogenic Shock

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7
Q

Position of shock
(except Obstructive shock bc no position can relieve)

A

Modified trendelenburg
(laying flat on back with head level to the body and legs are passively raised)

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8
Q

Priority nursing intervention for Obstructive shock

A

Refer!

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9
Q

resistance vessels

(↑ pressure; thick smooth muscles)

A

arteries

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10
Q

capacitance vessels

(↓ pressure; thin smooth muscles)

A

veins

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11
Q

exchange vessels

(no smooth muscle - only made of tunica intima)

A

capillaries

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12
Q

largest vein

A

Inferior vena cava

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13
Q

largest artery

A

aorta

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14
Q

blood vessel with greatest surface area

A

capillaries

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15
Q

Arterial (pulse)
0
+1
+2
+3
bounding pulse

A

0 - absent
+1 - weak
+2 - normal
+3 -increased
bounding pulse -maybe abnormal

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16
Q

2 Vascular Disorders

A

Aneurysm
Peripheral Vascular Disease

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17
Q

3 Peripheral Vascular Disease

A

Arterial Insufficiency
Venous Insufficiency
Buerger’s Disease

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18
Q

etiology of aortic aneurysm

A

atherosclerosis (atheromatous plaque)

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19
Q

aneurysm with no signs and symptoms

A

Ascending Aortic Aneurysm (Thoracic)

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20
Q

(Aneurysm)

subjective: Pulsating mass in abdomen

Objective: Thrill (palpation); bruit (auscultation)

A

Descending Aortic Aneurysm (Abdominal)

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21
Q

sign of impending rupture of aneurysm

A

Dissecting Aneurysm

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22
Q

Type A
Type I and II

A

Ascending AA

*type I: ascending and descending AA

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23
Q

Type B
Type III

A

Descending AA

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24
Q

(Aneurysm)
severe chest pain

A

ascending AA

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25
(Aneurysm) severe epigastric pain
descending AA
26
(Aneurysm) severe low back pain
Abnormal
27
Nursing Diagnosis for aneurysm
Acute pain Risk for Hypovolemic shock
28
most definitive diagnostic for all vascular diseases/disorders
Angiography
29
update for angiography history taking
DO NOT ask for allergy for seafood BUT ask for any allergy and any history of reaction to iodine!
30
Right catheterization: Left catheterization:
Right catheterization: Vein Left catheterization: Artery (LARV)
31
under what anesthesia on catheterization
local anesthesia
32
simple UTZ of heart with no radiation
2D Echocardiography Transthoracic Doppler UTZ
33
Management for Type A Aortic Aneurysm
Surgery
34
not enough oxygenated blood / ischemia in lower extremity
Arterial Insufficiency
35
Management for Type B Aortic Aneurysm
Control BP FIRST!
36
(+) leg pain
Arterial and Venous Insufficiency
37
no claudication
Venous Insufficiency
38
with edema
Venous insufficiency
39
(+) claudication (more pain when walking)
Arterial Insufficiency
40
more severe vascular insufficiency
Arterial insufficiency
41
skin: pale, thinning of hair, cool to touch
Arterial insufficiency
42
skin: dark, cyanotic, pigmented
Venous Insufficiency
43
pulses may be abnormal
Arterial insufficiency
44
no edema
Arterial insufficiency
45
Pulses are always normal
Venous insufficiency
46
small but deep with well circumscribed edges, no granulation tissue
arterial ulcer - Arterial insufficiency
47
Management: Dependent (sitting) position
Arterial Insufficiency
47
larger with irregular border; with severe granulation tissues
venous ulcer - Venous Insufficiency
48
Management: Elevated position
Venous Insufficiency
49
management if (+) leg pain
ASSESS , Observe!
50
Nursing diagnosis for Vascular Insufficiency
Risk for impaired skin integrity Risk for rupture (ulcer) Risk for septic shock / Infection
51
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (PAD) Reynaud's Disease
Arterial Insufficiency
52
Varicose Vein DVT/ VTE
Venous Insufficiency
53
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO)
Buerger's Disease
54
Which arterial Insufficiency is more common in Lower Extremity than Upper Extremity? (LE > UE)
arteriosclerosis obliterans
55
Blue- White-Red Disease
Reynaud's Disease
56
Which arterial Insufficiency is more common in Upper Extremity than Lower Extremity? (LE < UE)
Reynaud's Disease
57
Position for Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Dependent Position - Reverse Trendelenburg -Sitting
58
Drug management for Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
NSAID Cilostazol ( ↑ capillary bloodflow) Antiplatelet medication
59
arteriolar vasospasm with unknown etiology but most important risk factor is exposure to cold temperature (reversible)
Reynaud's Disease
60
clinical manifestation of diseases: -rheumatoid arthritis -SLE -Scleroderma (hardening of skin)
Reynaud's phenomenon
61
abnormally dilated tortous superficial veins
Varicose veins
62
best management for Varicose Veins
PREVENTION!
63
Best health teaching for Varicose Veins
EARLY AMBULATION
64
Risk factors of varicose veins
-prolonged standing/ sitting/ crossing of legs -obesity
65
Risk factor of DVT /VTE
Immobilization
66
Virchow's Triad (DVT)
- stasis / stagnation - hypercoagulable - endothelial damage
67
thrombus + inflammation -with s/sx (swelling, warm, pain, tenderness)
thrombophlebitis
68
thrombus (no inflammation) - asymptomatic, sudden onset of leg pain
phlebothrombosis
69
(+) Homan's sign
pain upon dorsiflexion of foot
70
most serious complication of DVT
Pulmonary embolism (+) dyspnea, chest pain
71
Pulmonary embolism management
1. Elevate head of bed: Semi-fowlers 2. Administer oxygen 3. Refer!
72
DVT management
1. Prevention - mobilize 2. Manage DVT - avoid OCP - elevate legs - TED hose -Thrombolytic drugs (USA) -NSAID -Heparin -Warfarin
73
surgery for DVT/ VTE
thrombectomy
74
worn for 6 months for DVT -remove at night - wear after waking up
Thromboembolic Deterrent Hose (TED Hose)
75
arteries and veins are effected
Buerger's disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)
76
(+) leg pain (+) claudication
Buerger's disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)
77
poor circulation of feet and hands (IRREVERSIBLE)
Buerger's disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)
78
Management for Buerger's disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)
- NSAIDS - Amputation

COMPREHENSIVE PHASE (8 decks)

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