Cardiovascular Physiology

Question 1

site of highest resistance in the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

arterioles

Question 2

largest total cross-sectional area and surface area

Answer 2

capillaries

Question 3

contain the highest proportion of the blood

Answer 3

veins

Question 4

upstroke current in ventricles is caused by increase in conductance of __

Answer 4

Na

Question 5

upstroke current in sinoatrial node is caused by increase in conductance of __

Answer 5

Ca

Question 6

hormone responsible for contraction alkalosis

Answer 6

angiotensin II

Question 7

where does angiotensin II directly act on the kidney?

Answer 7

Na+-H+ exchange at proximal convoluted tubule

Question 8

True or False: antidiuretic hormone is involved in minute-to-minute regulation of normal blood pressure

Answer 8

false

Question 9

True or False: aortic arch baroreceptors respond to increases and decreases in arterial pressure.

Answer 9

False. Aortic arch baroreceptors only respond to increases in arterial pressure.

Question 10

Coronary circulation: metabolic control or sympathetic control?

Answer 10

Metabolic control: hypoxia, adenosine

Question 11

Cerebral circulation: metabolic control or sympathetic control?

Answer 11

Metabolic control

Question 12

Muscle circulation at rest: metabolic control or sympathetic control?

Answer 12

Sympathetic control
Vasoconstriction: alpha-1
Vasodilation: beta-2

Question 13

Muscle circulation during exercise: metabolic control or sympathetic control?

Answer 13

Metabolic control

Question 14

Skin circulation: metabolic control or sympathetic control?

Answer 14

Sympathetic control

Question 15

Pulmonary circulation: metabolic control or sympathetic control?

Answer 15

Sympathetic control

Question 16

Prolonged QT interval: hypo/hypercalcemia

Answer 16

Hypercalcemia

Question 17

Shortened QT interval: hypo/hypercalcemia

Answer 17

Hypocalcemia

Question 18

Which phase is responsible for setting the heart rate

Answer 18

rate of phase 4 depolarization

Question 19

AV block that causes fainting in patients due to initially suppressed state of Purkinje fibers?

Answer 19

Stokes-Adams syndrome

Question 20

Atrial filling begins at what phase of cardiac cycle?

Answer 20

rapid ventricular ejection

Question 21

Venous pulse curve: a wave

Answer 21

atrial systole

Question 22

Venous pulse curve: c wave

Answer 22

isovolumic contraction

Question 23

Venous pulse curve: v wave

Answer 23

isovolumic relaxation

Question 24

Longest phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 24

reduced ventricular filling (diastasis)

Question 25

Incisura of aortic pressure

Answer 25

isovolumic relaxation

Question 26

vasomotor area of the medulla: excitatory area

Answer 26

lateral portion

Question 27

vasomotor area of the medulla: inhibitory area

Answer 27

medial portion

Question 28

cranial nerve: carotid baroreceptors

Answer 28

CN IX

Question 29

cranial nerve: aortic baroreceptors

Answer 29

CN X

Question 30

Which reflex is associated with increasing the heart rate in response to increased venous return?

Answer 30

Bainbridge reflex

Question 31

True or false: Myogenic theory explains autoregulation and active and reactive hyperemia.

Answer 31

Myogenic theory explains only autoregulation.

Question 32

Most potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 32

vasopressin

Question 33

Circus movements in the ventricles: increased or decreased refractory period?

Answer 33

Decreased refractory period

Question 34

``` Ventricular volume is lowest in: A. atrial systole B. isovolumetric ventricular contraction C. rapid ventricular ejection D. reduced ventricular ejection E. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F. rapid ventricular filling G. reduced ventricular filling ```

Answer 34

Ventricular volume is lowest in isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 35

``` Aortic pressure is highest in: A. atrial systole B. isovolumetric ventricular contraction C. rapid ventricular ejection D. reduced ventricular ejection E. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F. rapid ventricular filling G. reduced ventricular filling ```

Answer 35

Aortic pressure is highest in reduced ventricular ejection

Question 36

``` Mitral valve opens in: A. atrial systole B. isovolumetric ventricular contraction C. rapid ventricular ejection D. reduced ventricular ejection E. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation F. rapid ventricular filling G. reduced ventricular filling ```

Answer 36

Mitral valve opens in isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 37

Most ventricular filling occurs during what phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 37

Reduced ventricular phase