Gastrointestinal Physiology

Question 1

Plexus controlling the motility of the GI smooth muscle

Answer 1

myenteric plexus

Auerbach’s plexus

Question 2

Plexus controlling secretion and blood flow

Answer 2

submucosal plexus

Meissner’s plexus

Question 3

Most potent amino acid stimuli for gastric secretion

Answer 3

phenylalanine

tryptophan

Question 4

Where is gastrin released?

Answer 4

G cells in antrum

Question 5

Where is CCK released?

Answer 5

I cells in duodenum and jejunum

Question 6

What lipids stimulate secretion of CCK?

Answer 6

Not triglycerides (cannot cross intestinal cell membrane)

Question 7

Where is secretin released?

Answer 7

S cells in duodenum

Question 8

Only GI hormone that is released in response to fat, protein and carbohydrates

Answer 8

GIP

Question 9

Slow waves are least frequent in

Answer 9

stomach

Question 10

Slow waves are most frequent in

Answer 10

duodenum

Question 11

Relaxes GI smooth muscle

Answer 11

VIP

Question 12

Tonicity of saliva

Answer 12

hypotonic

Question 13

Tonicity of pancreatic secretion

Answer 13

isotonic

Question 14

Second messenger for secretin

Answer 14

cAMP

Question 15

Second messenger for CCK

Answer 15

IP3 and Ca2+

Question 16

Which lipid is not contained in micelles

Answer 16

glycerol

Question 17

Site of secretion of intrinsic factor

Answer 17

fundus

Question 18

The autonomic nervous system controls gut motility by
changing which of the following?
A) Pacemaker discharge frequency
B) Slow wave frequency
C) Spike potential frequency

Answer 18

spike potential frequency

Question 19

What is the effect of hyperosmotic solution in the intestine on acid secretion?

Answer 19

inhibit

Question 20

What is the effect of isoosmotic solution in the intestine on acid secretion?

Answer 20

no effect

Question 21

muscle layers of the stomach

Answer 21

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

Question 22

most potent stimulti for gastrin secretion

Answer 22

phenylalanine
tryptophan
methionine

Question 23

depolarization of slow waves

Answer 23

sodium influx

Question 24

depolarization of spike potentials

Answer 24

calcium influx

Question 25

satiety center

Answer 25

ventromedial thalamus

Question 26

appetite/hunger center

Answer 26

lateral thalamus

Question 27

anorexigenic neurons

Answer 27

POMC

Question 28

orexigenic neurons

Answer 28

neuropeptide Y

Question 29

anorexigenic substance

Answer 29

ghrelin

Question 30

parotid gland secretes what type of secretion?

Answer 30

serous

Question 31

submandibular gland secretes what type of secretion?

Answer 31

mixed

Question 32

sublingual gland secretes what type of secretion?

Answer 32

mixed

Question 33

which gastric glands contain mucus neck cells, parietal cells and chief cells?

Answer 33

oxyntic glands (body)

Question 34

which gastric glands contain G cells and mucus cells?

Answer 34

pyloric glands (antrum)

Question 35

gastric cell secreting histamine

Answer 35

enterochromaffin-like cells

Question 36

gastric cell secreting serotonin

Answer 36

enterochromaffin cells

Question 37

majority of gastric acid secretion: cephalic phase, gastric phase or intestinal phase?

Answer 37

gastric phase

Question 38

CCK-A receptors are found in

Answer 38

pancreas

Question 39

CCK-B receptors are found in

Answer 39

stomach

Question 40

Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are primary or secondary bile acids?

Answer 40

primary bile acids

Question 41

deoxycholic acid is from cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid?

Answer 41

cholic acid

Question 42

lithocholic acid is from cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid?

Answer 42

chenodeoxycholic acid

Question 43

absorption of glucose and galactose from lumen to intestinal cell

Answer 43

SGLT-1

Question 44

absorption of fructose from lumen to intestinal cell

Answer 44

GLUT-5

Question 45

absorption of glucose, galactose and fructose from intestinal cell to blood

Answer 45

GLUT-2

Question 46

is pepsin essential for protein digestion?

Answer 46

no

Question 47

all lipids go to the lacteals except

Answer 47

small-chain fatty acids

Question 48

Bile salts inactivate pancreatic lipase. What pancreatic coenzyme is secreted to prevent this from happening?

Answer 48

Procolipase

Question 49

main site for water absorption

Answer 49

jejunum

Question 50

Potassium is absorbed in __ and secreted in __.

Answer 50

Potassium is absorbed in small intestine and secreted in large intestine.

Question 51

primary ion secreted in intestinal lumen

Answer 51

Cl-

Question 52

where is iron absorbed?

Answer 52

duodenum

Question 53

most of the nutrients are absorbed where?

Answer 53

jejunum

Question 54

amino acids are cotransported with what ion?

Answer 54

Na+

Question 55

dipeptides and tripeptides are cotransported with what ion?

Answer 55

H+